Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History No. 9

The Canadian Lighthouse

by Edward F. Bush

Endnotes

Introduction

1 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 14th ed. (1929), Vol. 22, pp. 480-1, "Trinity House."

Lighthouse Structures

1 Ibid., (1960), Vol. 14, p. 85.

2 U.S. Coast Guard, The Significance of Aids to Marine Navigation (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1943), p. 7.

3 Canada. Public Archives (hereafter cited as PAC), MG11, Nova Scotia A, Vol. A.133, pp. 211, 213, Capt. Jones Fawson to Sir John Wentworth, Halifax, 18 Oct. 1801.

4 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. Q.218, p. 33, Francis Beaufort report, 29 July 1832.

5 Encyclopaedia Britannica, (1980), Vol. 14, pp. 85-6, "Lighthouses."

6 Ibid., p. 87.

7 PAC, MG11, Nova Scotia A, Vol. 187-1, pp. 265-7, Campbell to Gleneig, Halifax, 23 March 1838.

8 PAC, MG9, A1, Vol. 44, pp. 372-3, U. Woodward to Provincial Secretary, Saint John, 7 Oct. 1851.

9 Newfoundland. House of Assembly, Journals, 1856, App. 82, despatch, 26 Sept. 1855.

10 PAC, MG11, CO 194, Vol. 150, pp. 37-8, Report of Robert Oke, inspector of Lighthouses, St. John's, 22 Dec. 1866 (hereafter cited as Robert Oke).

11 PAC, RG11, Series III, subject 227, Vol. 82, file 78040, G. F. Baillarge, 11 Dec. 1865.

12 PAC, MG11, CO 184, Vol. 151, p. 103, Bannerman to Labouchere, 22 Dec. 1857.

13 Newfoundland. House of Assembly, Journals, 1879, App., p. 589, Report of the Inspector of Lighthouses and Public Buildings, 1878, St. John's, 1 Jan. 1879.

14 PAC, RG11, Series III, subject 227, Vol. 82, file 45797, pp. 43-5, John Page Report, 28 Feb. 1860.

15 Ibid., file 78040, pp. 453-4.

16 Ibid., subject 303, file 7446.

17 Great Britain. Admiralty Hydrographic Office, List of the Lights on the Coasts and Lakes of British North America Corrected to January 1864 (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1884).

18 Canada. Department of Public Works, Report of the Commissioner of Public Works for the Year Ending 30 June 1867 (Ottawa: Hunter Rose, 1868), App. 10, "Tabular Statement of the Light Houses in Canada."

19 PAC, RG42, file 20985C, p. 80, 184.

20 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1904, No. 21, p. 48.

21 Ibid., 1919, No. 21, pp. 31-5, Report of Chief Engineer.

22 PAC, RG42, Marine Records, file 20395R.

23 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1906-07, No. 21, App. 2, Report of the Commissioner of Lights, p. 58.

24 Canada. Department of Transport. Annual Report, 1952-53, p. 62.

25 Ibid., 1954-55, p. 67.

Apparatus: Lights and Optics

1 D. Alan Stevenson, The World's Lighthouses Before 1820 (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1959), p. 63.

2 John P. Bowen, British Lighthouses (London: Longmans Green, 1847), pp. 17-19.

3 D. Alan Stevenson, op. cit., p. 46.

4 Ibid., p. 77.

5 PAC, MG9, Al, Vol. 44, pp. 252-3, Report, Capt. W. F. W. Owen, R.N., to lieutenant governor, 29 May 1846.

6 Henry J. Powell. Glass-making in England (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1923), pp. 108-10.

7 PAC, RG11, Series III, Vol. 82. subject 227, file 45797, p. 49, John Page Report to Commissioner of Public Works, 28 Feb. 1860.

8 Ibid., Vol. 80, file 50974, enclosing Tariff of Dioptric or Lenticular Apparatus for Lighthouses, p. 2.

9 Ibid., pp. 1-2.

10 PAC, RG11, Series III, Vol. 82, subject 225, Vol. 79, file 3354, "List of Various Appurtenances supplied by Chance Bros. & Co.," pp. 240-1.

11 PAC, RG11, Series III, Vol. 82, subject 227, file 45797, Page Report to the Commissioner of Public Works, 28 Feb. 1860, p. 51.

12 Encyclopedia Canadiana, centennial ed., Vol 4, p. 362, "Gesner, Abraham."

13 PAC, RG11, Series III, Vol. 80, subject 225, file 50497 of 1860, 21 Nov. 1860.

14 Ibid., file 56626.

15 Ibid., Vol. 82, subject 227, file 63053, pp. 342-3, John Page Report, 9 Feb. 1863.

16 John P. Bowen, op. cit.

17 PAC, RG42, file 29156, pt. 1, p. 237.

18 PAC, RG2, 1, Orders in Council, Vol. 1011, docket 1447, P.C. 1295, 5 July 1906, p. 13.

19 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers. 1910, No. 21, App. 2, Report of the Commissioner of Lights, p. 74.

20 Ibid., 1903, No. 21, Report of the Chief Engineer, p. 45.

21 Ibid., 1904, No. 21, Report of the Deputy Minister, pp. 32-3.

22 Ibid., 1906-07, No. 21, Report of the Commissioner of Lights, App. 2, pp. 57-8.

23 Thomas Corwin, Report on the Trade and Commerce of the British North American Colonies with the United States and Other Countries (Washington; Printers to the Senate, 1851), p. 100.

24 PAC, RG11, Series III, Vol. 80, file 50974, enclosing Tariff of Dioptric and Lenticular Apparatus for Lighthouses, p. 8.

25 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1960 ed., Vol. 14, "Lighthouses."

26 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers. 1903, No. 21, Report of the Chief Engineer, pp. 59-60.

27 Ibid., 1916, No. 21, App. 2, Report of the Commissioner of Lights, p. 65.

28 Canada. Department of Marine and Fisheries, Annual Report, 1930-31 (Ottawa; King's Printer, 1931), p. 31, Report of the Deputy Minister.

29 Canada, Department of Transport, Annual Report, 1947-48 (Ottawa; King's Printer, 1949), p. 10.

30 Ibid., 1950-51, p. 58.

31 Ibid., 1962-63, p. 27.

32 Ibid., 1954-55, p. 68.

33 Ibid., 1952-53, p. 63.

34 Ibid., 1960-61, p. 24.

35 PAC, RG11, Series III, subject 227, Vol. 82, file 54777, James Keefer to Joseph Cauchon, Quebec, 30 Aug. 1861.

36 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1900, No. 11, p. 48, Report of the Chief Engineer.

37 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed., Vol. 16, p. 647, "Lighthouses."

38 PAC, RG42, file 28261, pp. 17-18, Chief Engineer, 30 Dec. 1910.

39 Canada. Department of Transport, Annual Report, 1966-67, pp. 35-6.

40 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1905, No. 21 App. 2, Report of the Commissioner of Lights, pp. 64-5.

41 Ibid., pp. 69-70.

42 Ibid., 1916, No. 21, App. 3, p. 101, Report of the Superintendent, St. Lawrence Ship Channel, 28 July 1915.

43 PAC, RG2, 1, Orders in Council, Vol. 1712, docket 743, p. 1, P.C. 1048, 12 June 1923.

44 PAC, RG42, file 1-0-8-A; United States. Department of Commerce, Lighthouse Service Bulletin (Washington, 1927).

45 Ibid., Marine Records, file 600-0-33, Liverpool Journal of Commerce, 13 July 1929, p. 34.

46 Canada. Department of Marine and Fisheries Annual Report, 1929-30 (Ottawa; King's Printer, 1930), Report of the Deputy Minister, p. 155.

47 PAC, RG42, Marine Records, file 600-9-33, Liverpool Journal of Commerce, pt. 1.

Administration

1 Lower Canada, Statutes, 45 Geo. III, cap. 12.

2 PAC, MG11, Q series, Vol. Q.117-2, pp. 237-8.

3 2 Will. IV, cap. 24; PAC, MG11, CO 42, Vol. 238, p. 232.

4 PAC, MG11, CO 217, Vol. 143, p. 109. (fol. 241), Wallace to Bathurst, Halifax, 14 Sept. 1824.

5 PAC, MG11, Q series, Vol. Q.218, p. 27, Beaufort Report, 29 July 1834.

6 PAC, MG11, CO 188, Vol. 45, pp. 13-15, James A. Hanshaw to Campbell, Saint Andrews, 15 Nov. 1832.

7 Ibid., Vol. 69, p. 133, lighthouse commissioners to Provincial Secretary, Saint John, 24 Aug.1940.

8 PAC, MG9, A1, Vol. 44, pp. 280; Vol. 45, pp. 423-4.

9 PAC, MG11, CO 188, Vol. 99, pp. 135-6.

10 PAC, MG9, Al, Vol. 44, p. 245, Report of the Secretary of the lighthouse commissioners, 18 Feb. 1846.

11 Ibid., pp. 339-40, New Brunswick Commissioners to Nova Scotia Commissioners, Saint John, 15 Jan. 1848.

12 Ibid., pp. 204-6, Saint John Lighthouse Commissioners to Lieut. Gov., 21 June 1843.

13 18 & 19 Vic. Cap. 7; ibid., Vol. 147, pp. 54-55, Darling to Labourchere, St. John's, 8 Jan, 1856.

14 PAC, RG7, G1, Vol. 93, pp. 321-322, letter, Capt. Sandom of Niagara to Charles Wood, 18 June 1839.

15 PAC, RG1, E3, Vol. 102, pp. 210-12, J. W. Macaulay to S. B. Harrison, 2 Aug. 1939.

16 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. Q.431A-3, p. 516.

17 PAC, RG11, Public Works, Series II, Vol. 34, No. 187.

18 Ibid., Vol. 23, file 6642, J. Mcintyre to S. Keefer, Windsor. 31 March 1845.

19 Ibid., Vol. 29, file 8836.

20 Ibid., pp. 14-15.

21 Ibid.

22 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1874, No. 4, pp. 7-8.

23 Canada. Department of Public Works, op. cit., p. 98.

24 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1873, No. 8, p. 29.

25 Ibid., App. 37, p. 361.

26 PAC, RG11, Series III, subject 227, Vol. 82, file 9728, encl. P.C. of 28 Feb. 1870.

27 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1873, No. 8, pp. 28-9.

28 Ibid., 1877, No. 5, Report of the Minister, p. x.

29 57-58 Vic. cap. 41; PAC, RG2, 1, Orders in Council, Vol. 949, docket 881, P.C. 349, p. 4, 26 Feb. 1904.

30 Ibid., Vol. 1158, docket 215, P.C. 88, 20 Jan. 1911.

31 PAC, RG2, 1, Orders in Council, Vol. 1085, docket 1976, P.C. 2122a, Schedule of Classification of Lights and Fog Alarm Stations.

32 Ibid.

33 Ibid.

34 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1916, No. 21, p. 4, Report of Deputy Minister.

35 PAC, RG2, 1, Orders in Council, Vol. 1519, docket 2193, P.C. 2682.

36 Canada. Department of Transport, Annual Report, 1936-37 (Ottawa; King's Printer, 1937), p.78.

37 Ibid., p. 97.

Lighthouses along the Atlantic Coast

1 U.S. Coast Guard, Historically Famous Lighthouses (Washington; U.S. Government Printing Office, 1957), p. 33.

2 PAC, MG1, C¹¹B, Vol. 9, fol. 27, despatch, 24 Nov. 1727; PAC, MG1, 2B, Vol. 53-3, fol. 603 (transcript pp. 590-1), despatch, 22 May 1729.

3 PAC, MG1, C¹¹B, Vol. 24, fol. 316 (transcript pp. 251-2), despatch, 26 June 1732.

4 PAC, MG1, C¹¹B, Vol. 15, fol. 68, pp. 146-7, St. Ovide de Broullian to Minister, Louisbourg, 21 Oct. 1734.

5 Ibid., Vol. 18, fol. 89, pp. 94-6, Lenormant to Minister, Louisbourg, 10 Nov. 1736.

6 Ibid., fol. 149, Lenormant to Minister, Louisbourg, 27 Dec. 1736.

7 Ibid., Vol. 20, fol. 115, pp. 88-9, Lenormant to Minister, Louisbourg, 15 Oct. 1736.

8 PAC, MG1, C¹¹C, Vol. 15-2, fol. 259.

9 Ibid., C¹¹B, Vol. 24, fol. 155, (transcript p. 171), Bigot to Minister, 1 Oct. 1740.

10 PAC, MG1, C¹¹C, Vol. 15-2, fol. 259.

11 Ibid., Vol. 16-2, p. 271, despatch from Prevost, Louisbourg, 10 June 1758.

12 Will R. Bird, op. cit., pp. 94-96.

13 PAC, MG11, Nova Scotia A, Vol. A.63, p. 33, Lawrence to C.O., Halifax, 20 April 1759.

14 Ibid., Vol. A.87, pp. 114-5 (Col. Cor. N.S. Vol. 6, fol. 61), Campbell to C.O., Halifax, 28 Sept. 1771.

15 PAC, MG11, CO 220, Vol. 11, p. 85.

16 PAC, MG11, Nova Scotia A, Vol. A.87, p. 81 (Col. Cor. N.S. Vol. 6, p. 32), Admiralty to Hillsborough, London, 20 June 1771.

17 Ibid., pp. 114-5, (Col. Cor. N.S., Vol. 6, fol. 61), Campbell to C.O., Halifax, 28 Sept. 1771.

18 Ibid., pp. 147-8, (Col. Cor. N.S., Vol. 6, p. 68), Campbell to C.O., Halifax, 16 Oct. 1771.

19 PAC, MG11, CO 220, Vol. 11, p. 156, Journals and Votes of the House of Assembly for the Province of Nova Scotia, 13 Oct. 1774.

20 PAC, RG42, file 51, 203.

21 PAC, MG11, Nova Scotia A, Vol. A.117, pp. 245-6, (Col. Cor. N.S., Vol. 21, p. 469), Wentworth to Dundas, 18 July 1792.

22 Will R. Bird, op. cit., pp. 93-4.

23 PAC, MG9, A1, Vol. 44, pp. 373 & 375.

24 Thomas Corwin, op. cit., pp. 106-7.

25 PAC, MG9, A1, Vol. 44, pp. 252-4, Report, Capt. W. F. W. Owen, R.N., to the Lieut. Gov., 29 May 1846.

26 PAC, MG11, Nova Scotia A, Vol. A.177-1, pp. 317-6.

27 Ibid., Vol. A.178-1, p. 257 (CO 217, Vol. 156-1, p. 257).

28 Ibid., Vol. A.179, p. 43, J. Bainbridge to Hay, 18 June 1834 (CO 217, Vol. 157, p. 43).

29 PAC, RG7, G14, Vol. 33, first file, Board of Trinity House Report, 28 March 1817.

30 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. Q.176-1, pp. 44-45, Dalhousie to Bathurst, 24 March 1826.

31 Ibid., Vol. Q.191-1, p. 168, 19 June 1829.

32 Canada. Legislative Assembly Journals, Lower Canada. Vol. 39, p. 342, 17 March 1830.

33 Ibid., 1841, App. A.

34 PAC, MG11, Nova Scotia A, Vol. 184, p. 109.

35 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. Q.229-1, pp. 50-53.

36 PAC, MG11, CO 226, Vol. 51, Prince Edward Island A, Vol. 51, p. 525.

37 PAC, RG4, A1, S, Vol. 364, p. 67.

38 PAC, MG11, Nova Scotia A, Vol. 161, pp. 199-203.

39 PAC, RG7, G7, Vol. 11, Statement of Expenditure by the Commissioners of Light Houses, Nova Scotia, for the Support of the Light Houses and Humane Establishments on the islands of St. Paul and Scattaire for the year 1847.

40 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1875, No. 5, App. No. 4, p. 125.

41 Ibid., 1889, No. 7, p. 13. Report of the Deputy Minister.

42 PAC, RG42, B1, Vol. 1, file 21026C, p. 59, memorandum 18 Jan. 1916.

43 Ibid., p. 16.

44 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. 177-1, p. 309, Jeffery to Stanley, Halifax, 23 Sept. 1833 (CO 217, Vol. 155-1, p. 309).

45 Ibid., Vol. 179-1, p. 259, address, Nova Scotia House of Assembly, 4 April 1834 (CO 217, Vol. 156-1, p. 259).

46 PAC, MG11, Nova Scotia A, Vol. A.193, p. 629 (CO 217, Vol. 171-2, p. 629), Lighthouse Commissioners to Provincial Secretary, Halifax, 21 Dec. 1839.

47 PAC, MG9, A18, vol. 2-1, fol. 67, 5 July 1811.

49 Robert Oke, op. cit.

49 PAC, MG11, CO 194, Vol. 98, pp. 199-200, Prescott to Gleneig, St. John's, 27 Nov. 1837.

50 D. Allan Stevenson, op. cit., p. 295.

51 PAC, RG11, Public Works, Series III, subject 227, Vol. 82, file 78.088, Report of the Board of Works for the year 1864.

52 Robert Oke, op. cit.

53 PAC, MG11, CO 194, Vol. 117, p. 305.

54 PAC, MG11, CO 194, Vol. III, pp. 161-2.

55 PAC, RG4, C1, P.S.O. Corresp., Vol. 78, No. 706 of 1843, Report of Executive Council, Kingston, 14-20 Dec. 1843.

56 PAC, MG11, CO 194, Vol. 132, p. 252.

57 Robert Oke, op. cit., pp. 13-13a.

58 Newfoundland, Journals of the House of Assembly, 1851, App., p. 138.

59 PAC, MG11, Nova Scotia A, Vol. 189, pp. 271-3, (alt. ref. CO 217, Vol. 167-1).

60 Robert Oke, op. cit.

61 PAC, MG11, CO 194, Vol. 148, pp. 402-3, 559.

62 Ibid., Vol. 150, p. 56.

63 PAC, RG7, Series G7, Vol. 6, Office of Committee of Privy Council for Trade, Whitehall, 22 Aug. 1857.

64 PAC, MG11, CO 42, Vol. 628, pp. 121-2, despatch, Monck to Newcastle, Quebec, 26 Nov. 1861.

65 PAC, MG11, CO 194, pp. 229-30, Report, Robert Oke, St. John's, Dec. 1863.

66 PAC, MG9, A1, Vol. 44, pp. 378-63.

67 PAC, MG11, CO 194, Vol. 172, pp. 169-90.

66 Ibid., Vol. 174, pp. 9-11.

69 Ibid., Vol. 173, pp. 237-9.

70 49 Vic. cap. 20; PAC, RG2, 2, Vol. 186, docket 1157, p. 10 (P.C. 1293).

71 Department of Transport records, file 7952-821, data sheet dated 11 March 1968.

72 Sixtieth Annual Report, Department of Marine and Fisheries. 1926-27 (Ottawa; Queen's Printer), Report of the Deputy Minister, p. 67, 21.

73 Newfoundland. House of Assembly, Journal, 1860, Appendix, p. 245.

74 PAC, RG11, Public Works. Series III, subject 227, Vol. 62. file 4337, pp. 649-51.

The Gulf, Northumberland Strait and the Lower St. Lawrence

1 PAC, RG11, Series III, subject 227, Vol. 82, file 9, 171.

2 Canada. Journals of the Legislative Assembly, 1855, App. JJJ, Return loan Address from the Legislative Assembly, 29 March 1855.

3 PAC, MG11, CO 43, Vol. 613, p. 78.

4 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1906, No. 21, App. 1, Report Department of Marine & Fisheries, 1905.

5 PAC, MG11, CO 42, Vol. 613, p. 78.

6 PAC, RG42, Marine Records, file 7956—F1, Vol. 1.

7 Ibid., file 3-0-6 Pt. I, p. 94.

8 PAC, RG11, Series III, subject 294, Vol. 86, file 53,465, John Page Report, Quebec, 6 May 1961.

9 Ibid., subject 227, Vol. 82, file 45,797, pp. 20-5, John Page Report, 28 Feb. 1860.

10 Ibid., file 9,342, p. 709, Report, Gourdeau Bros., 1 Feb. 1870.

11 Ibid., file 9,346. Deputy Minister's Report, Ottawa, 2 Feb. 1870.

12 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. Q.180, pp. 16-18.

13 Canada. Legislative Assembly Journals, Lower Canada, 1828, Vol. 38, p. 199.

14 PAC, RG7, G7, Vol. 11, pp. 125-127.

15 Ibid., pp. 138-9.

16 Ibid., pp. 143-4.

17 Canada. Legislative Assembly Journals, Lower Canada, Vol. 41-2, App. M, Statement of Monies Appropriated by Legislature for Roads and Other Local Objects from 1828-31 inclusive.

18 Ibid., Vol. 38, pp. 453, 7 Feb. 1829.

19 Ibid., Vol. 36, pp. 98-100.

20 W. A. Callandine, "Lighthouses Along the St. Lawrence," Unpubl. MS., p. 3.

21 Canada, Legislative Assembly, Journals, Lower Canada, Vol. 36. p. 101.

22 Ibid.

23 Ibid., Vol. 40, Lower, p. 113.

24 Ibid., Vol. 39, p. 280.

25 Ibid., Vol. 40, pp. 118-119, 18 Jan. 1831; Ibid., p. 117, 7 Jan. 1831; Ibid., p. 115, 5 Oct. 1830; Thomas Corwin, op. cit., p. 100.

26 Thomas Corwin, op. cit., p. 106.

27 Canada. Department of Transport, List of the Lights, Buoys and Fog Signals, Atlantic Coast . . . (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1970), p. 143.

28 Canada. Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, App. JJJ.

29 Ibid.

30 Ibid.

31 Raoul Lachance to Capt. G. S. Gaudreau. This item is merely a note shown the author by another researcher, found in one of his files, originating with the Department of Transport or its precursor, the Department of Marine. The Department of Transport List of Lights and Fog Signals does not record a date earlier than 1859 for the first installation at Father Point, some 10 miles downstream from Rimouski.

32 PAC, RG11, Public Works Records, Series III, subject 285, file 85,289. Additional information beyond burning of the first lighthouse and estimates for its replacement received from the Quebec agency by telephone.

33 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. Q.37, pp. 198-9, 206.

34 PAC, RG1, E1, Book 6, Pt. III, fol. 297.

35 PAC, MG8, A18, Vol. 1-1, fol. 204-5, 25 Nov. 1806.

36 Ibid., Vol. 1-2, fol. 532-3, Report, Painter, Deputy Master, Trinity House, 20 Sept. 1810.

37 Ibid., Vol. 1-1, fol. 270, 16 April 1808.

36 Ibid., Vol. 1-2. fol. 401, 19 Sept. 1809.

39 Ibid., Vol. 2-1, fol. 116, 20 Dec. 1811.

40 Canada. Department of Transport, List of the Lights, Buoys and Fog Signals, Atlantic Coast, 1969, pp. 195, 208.

41 Canada. Legislative Assembly, Journals, Lower Canada, Vol. 38, pp. 98-9.

42 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. Q.249-2, p. 340.

43 Ibid., Vol. Q.268, pp. 59-60.

44 Ibid., Vol. Q.216, p. 28. Beaufort Report to Admiralty, 29 July 1934.

The Great Lakes Region and the Upper St. Lawrence

1 Ontario, Department of Public Records and Archives, Sixth Report of the Bureau of Archives for the Provinces of Ontario 1909 (Toronto, 1911), p. 409.

2 Act 3rd. Will, IV, cap. 36; PAC, RG1, E3, Vol. 102, pp. 186-7, Report of the Inspector General, Toronto, 31 July 1839.

3 PAC, RG1, El, State Book C, Upper Canada, fol. 350-1.

4 PAC, RG5, A1, Vol. 3, pp. 1070-1.

5 PAC, RG8, C Series, Vol. C923, pp. 42-3.

6 Material required for the project was the following:

(PAC, RG1, E3, Vol. 69, p. 41)

7 PAC, RG5, Al, Vol. 7, pp. 3041-2, Gore to Allan, York, 1 May 1808.

8 John R. Stevens, "Lighthouses on the Great Lakes," National Historic Sites Service, (1965), (hereafter cited as Report), pp. 195-6.

9 PAC, RG1, El, State Book G, Vol. 51, fol. 229-30.

10 PAC, RG5, A1, Vol. 30, p. 14206, Sherbrooke to Gore, Quebec, 31 Dec. 1816.

11 Canada. Journals of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada, 1832-3, p. 209, Report of a Select Committee on Lighthouses, Jan. 1833.

12 PAC, RG5, A1, Vol. 89, pp. 48977-8, J. W. Macaulay to G. Gillier, Kingston, 12 May 1828.

13 Ibid., p. 49327.

14 PAC, RG42, Marine Records, file 21754R, pp. 236-7, memorandum of district engineer, Ottawa, 27 May 1924.

15 PAC, RG1, E3, Vol. 102, pp. 182-3, J. W. Macaulay, 31 July 1938.

16 John R. Stevens, Report, pp. 185-6.

17 Canada. Journals of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada, 1832-3, App., p. 215, Report of the Commissioners, Kingston, 16 Nov. 1832.

18 Ibid., App., p. 216, Report of Commissioners for erecting a Light House on Point Peters.

19 John R. Stevens, Report, pp. 189-90.

20 Thomas Corwin, op. cit., p. 104.

21 John R. Stevens, Report, pp. 199-201.

22 Ibid., p. 206.

23 Ibid., p. 203.

24 PAC, RG7, G2, Vol. 1, enclosure No. 19.

25 J. A. Bannister, Lighthouses of Long Point (London; Ont.); Univ. of Western Ontario, 1944), first printed in Simcoe Reformer, 9 July 1942.

26 PAC, RG1, E3, Vol. 102, pp. 168-9.

27 J. A. Bannister, op. cit.

28 Ibid.

29 Thomas Corwin, op. cit., p. 105.

30 PAC, RG1, E3, p. 195.

31 PAC, RG11, Public Works Records, Series II, Vol. 29, file 8836, J. Mcintyre, Report on Lighthouses for 1846 to the Board of Works, 21 Nov. 1846.

32 Ibid., pp. 11-13.

33 Ibid., Series III, Vol. 84, subject 266, file 56,151.

34 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1903, No. 21, Report of the chief engineer, p. 59.

35 John R. Stevens, Report, p. 213.

36 Ibid., p. 216.

37 Peter J. Stokes, National Historic Sites Service, Peter J. Stokes Report, pp. 255-6.

38 John R. Stevens, Report, pp. 218-9.

39 PAC, MG11, CO 42, Vol. 646, Admiralty List of Lights, 1864.

40 PAC, RG11, Public Works, Series III, Vol. 87, subject 302, file 560.

41 Canada. Department of Transport, List of Lights and Fog Signals Inland Waters, 1965 (Ottawa; Queen's Printer, 1965), p. 90.

42 PAC, MG11, CO 42, Vol. 646, p. 83, Admiralty List of Lights 1864.

43 Canada. Department of Transport, List of Lights and Fog Signals Inland Waters, 1965, p. 102.

44 PAC, RG7, G14, Vol. 60, "Information upon the various statements called for by the memorandum of His Excellency the Governor General, No. 2, Additional Light Houses since 1 January 1855 completed."

45 John R. Stevens, Report, p. 176.

46 Canada, Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1874, No. 4, pp. 111.

The Pacific Coast

1 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1873, No. 8, p. 28.

2 Ibid., 1874, No. 4, App. No. 9, p. 90.

3 Ibid., 1873, No. 8, p. 28.

4 Ibid., 1879, No. 3, App. No. 5, p. 127.

5 Ibid., 1873, No. 6, App. No. 7, p. 91.

6 Ibid., 1877, No. 5, Annual Report, Department of Marine, p. xxiv.

7 Ibid., 1877, No. 5, p. xxiv.

8 Ibid., 1875, No. 5, p. xxiii.

9 Ibid., 1878, No. 1, App. No. 6, p. 238.

10 Ibid., 1875, No 5, App. No. 6, pp. 163-4.

11 Ibid., 1885, No. 9, p. xxxi.

12 Ibid., 1891, No. 7, pp. 24-25.

13 Ibid., 1892, No. 10, p. 42.

14 Ibid., 1900, No. 11, pp. 63-4.

15 PAC, RG42, Marine Records, file 22317K, Part II, letter at end of file, John H. Walsh to Secretary Civil Service Commission, 30 April 1926.

16 Ibid., file 22316L, pp. 209-16, 5 Nov. 1925.

17 Ibid., file 22316L, pp. 69-70.

18 PAC, RG42, 81, Vol. 6, file 22389C, P.C. 637, 19 March 1913.

19 Ibid., Notice to Mariners, No. 16, 2 Feb. 1914.

20 Ibid., file 22386.2C, Part 3, p. 233, J. H. Hildritch to marine agent, Prince Rupert, 25 Jan.1921.

21 Ibid.

22 Ibid., p. 194, Notice to Mariners No. 80, 1920.

23 Ibid., file 15796, p. 108, 3 Dec. 1904.

Sub-Arctic Waters: Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay

1 Canada. Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1916, No. 21, App. 1, Report of the chief engineer, pp. 37-8.

2 PAC, RG42, Marine Records, file 1-8-0, Pt. I, memorandum 28, Jan. 1928.

3 Ibid., Pt. II, p. 355.

4 Ibid., Pt, II, p. 396. memorandum, chief engineer, 13 Dec. 1929.

5 Ibid., p. 394.

6 Ibid., Pt. III, p. 93, Notice to Mariners No. 42 of 1932.

7 Canada. Department of Marine, Annual Report 1932-3, p. 80.

Selected Inland Waterways

1 PAC, RG11, Public Works Records, Series III, Vol. 86, subject 287-8, file 45, 652, John G. Sippell to Public Works, Montreal, 2 March 1860.

2 Ibid.

3 Canada. Department of Transport, List of Lights and Fog Signals Inland Waters, 1970, pp. 130.

4 Ibid., 1969, p. 130.

5 PAC, RG42 Marine Records, file 22243K, p. 15, chief engineer to fishery officer, 3 Oct. 1898.

6 Canada. Department of Transport, Annual Report for year ended 31 March 1957 (Ottawa; Queen's Printer, 1957), p. 14.

7 Canada, Department of Transport, List of Lights and Fog Signals Inland Waters, 1966, pp. 149-154.