Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History No. 7

Archaeological Explorations at Signal Hill, Newfoundland, 1965-1966

by Edward B. Jelks

Contents

Abstract

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Interpretation Centre Area

Queen's Battery Area

Lady's Lookout Area

Artifact Descriptions

Artifact Provenience

Conclusions

References Cited

Tables

Table 1: Summary of Excavated Structures

Table 2: Summary of Button Data

Table 3: Summary of Coin Data

Table 4: Artifact Tabulation, Lower Queen's Battery Area

Table 5: Artifact Tabulation, Structure 2, Room C

Table 6: Artifact Tabulation, Structure 2 (Exclusive of Room C)

Table 7: Artifact Tabulation, Structure 4 Area and Various Locations in the General Queen's Battery Area

Table 8: Artifact Tabulation, Structure 10 Area

Table 9: Artifact Tabulation, Structure 11 Area

Table 10: Artifact Tabulation, Various Locations in Lady's Lookout Area; Artifacts with no Provenience Data

Table 11: Artifact Tabulation, Structures 13, 14 and 15

Illustrations

1 Aerial photograph of Signal Hill.

2 Aerial photograph of St. John's, Signal Hill and St. John's harbour.

3 Map of Signal Hill and vicinity.

4 Historical base map.

5 Exposed bedrock in lower Queen's Battery.

6 Archaeological base map of Interpretation Centre area.

7 View from Gibbet Hill.

8 Structure 1, looking northeast.

9 Plan of structure 1.

10 Archaeological base map of the Queen's Battery area.

11 Aerial photograph of cliff with Queen's Battery area on its top.

12 Lower Queen's Battery area after excavation.

13 Soil profile at lower Queen's Battery.

14 Structure 3 looking east-northeast.

15 Room at southwest end of structure 3.

16 Plan of structures 3, 5, 6 and 7.

17 Chimney base, structure 3.

18 Detail of stone foundation, structure 3.

19 Structure 5 looking northeast.

20 Structure 6 looking northeast.

21 Structure 7 looking north.

22 Excavation outside parapet, lower Queen's Battery.

23 Plan of structures 2 and 4.

24 East side and north end of room A, structure 2.

25 South walls of rooms E and D; room A in background.

26 Interior of room A, structure 2.

27 Detail of drain, south wall, room A, structure 2.

28 Juncture of drains from rooms A and B.

29 West side of room B, structure 2, looking east.

30 Granite-celled hall of room B.

31 North interior wall of room B, structure 2.

32 Detail of east wall, room B.

33 North end of room C, structure 2, looking north.

34 Latrine 1, room C, structure 2.

35 Interior south wall, room D; structure 2.

36 Chimney base, east wall, room D.

37 Interior west wall, room E, structure 2.

38 Structure 4 wall foundation, looking northeast.

39 Structure 4 area in upper Queen's Battery.

40 Archaeological base map, Lady's Lookout area.

41 Plan of structure 9.

42 Contemporary plan of blockhouse (structure 9) at Lady's Lookout proper.

43 Looking northeast across Lady's Lookout proper.

44 Plan of structure 8.

45 Detail of west corner, structure 9.

46 Structure 8, looking east.

47 Plan of structures 10, 11, 13, 15 and 16.

48 Aerial view of Lady's Lookout area, looking west.

49 Shelf A, east flat, Lady's Lookout area.

50 Shelf A, east flat, Lady's Lookout area.

51 Shelf A, east flat, Lady's Lookout area.

52 Stratigraphy, east flat, Lady's Lookout area.

53 Contemporary plan of canteen (structure 10).

54 Structures 10 and 16 looking southeast.

SS Western part, structure 10.

56 Southwest corner of structure 10.

57 East wall, room 1, structure 10.

58 East wall, room 2, structure 10.

59 Stoop at centre, north wall, structure 10.

60 East wall, structure 11, looking north.

61 Wall foundation, structure 11.

62 Room 1, structure 11.

63 West wall, structure 13.

64 South part, structure 10.

65 South wall interior, structure 16.

66 Coloured earthenware.

67 Coloured earthenware.

68 White earthenware with slip-banded decorations.

69 White earthenware with freehand painted decorations.

70 White earthenware with freehand painted decorations.

71 White earthenware.

72 White earthenware with printed decorations.

73 White earthenware with printed decorations.

74 Matched cup and saucer of white earthenware.

75 Side and top views of white earthenware cup.

76 White earthenware with printed decorations.

77 White earthenware.

78 Clay tobacco pipes.

79 Clay tobacco pipes and marbles.

80 Stoneware.

81 Wine bottle necks.

82 Wine bottle bases.

83 Glass bottles.

84 Knives, forks and spoons.

85 Iron tools.

86 Buttons.

87 Uniform decorations.

88 Miscellaneous iron and brass articles.

89 Miscellaneous bone and antler artifacts.

90 Miscellaneous stone articles.