Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History No. 2

An Archaeological Study of Clay Pipes from the King's Bastion, Fortress of Louisbourg

by Iain C. Walker

Part II Casemates 10-15 Right: The Pipes

	Casemate 13 Right
4W.3.112:	Stem fragment and heel with the letters LV with a crown above and what appears to be flying bird below raised from a deeply impressed circle on the heel; identical decoration on the stem to that described on stem 73A.5 from Layer 9, Casemate 1 Right (Fig. 38).
4W.3.113:	Stem fragment with identical decoration to that on the stem above.
4W.3.140:	Stem fragment with the letters OHN impressed.
4W.3.147:	Stem fragment with parts of the barbell-like motif of the two stems described above, but with the letters IHN (the I being dubious) in this band of decoration.
4W.3.152:	Stem fragment with what appears to be the letters HEN impressed with part of an encircling ring beneath.
4W.3.155:	Stem fragment with the letters impressed, the two letters N being retrograde and the TE and HE being monogrammed (Fig. 39).
4W.3.185:	Stem fragment with remains of possible red paint, perhaps the coating for the mouthpiece. Stem fragments 4W.3.5 (Fig. 40, second from left), 4W.3.105, 4W.3.109, 4W.3.111, 4W.3.157, 4W.3.166, and 4W.3.175 all have bands of touching circles and rouletted decoration.
	Casemate 14 Right
4X.1.260:	Bowl fragment, heel and stem fragment, probably with the mark described in 4X.1.380, below.
4X.1.261:	Heel fragment and stem fragment, with trumpeter raised from impressed circle on heel (Fig. 41, right).
4X.1.264:	Bowl fragment and heel with identical decoration to the previous fragment (Fig. 41, left).
4X.1.266:	Bowl fragment and heel with identical decoration to the previous fragment.
4X.1.380:	Bowl fragment, heel and stem fragment with what appears to be the letters CVC monogrammed, the second C being retrograde, raised on heel.
4F.6.19:	Bowl fragment, heel and stem fragment, the letters W on one side of the heel and M on the other, each crowned.
4F.6.44:	Bowl with mermaid raised from impressed oval; the mouth of the bowl has a milled edge.
4F.6.56:	Stem fragment with the letters impressed, the H and E being monogrammed (Fig. 42).
4F.6.126:	Bowl fragment, heel and stem fragment with identical decoration to 4X.1.380 (Fig. 43, centre).
4F.6.190:	Bowl fragment, heel and stem fragment with identical decoration to the previous fragment.
4F.6.221:	Bowl fragment, heel and stem fragment with identical decoration to the previous fragment.
4F.6.381:	Bowl fragment and heel with identical decoration to 4X.1.261 and others above.
4F.6.387:*	Bowl fragment, heel and stem fragment with identical decoration to 4X.1.380 and others above (Fig. 43).
4F.6.387:*	Bowl fragment, heel and stem fragment with identical decoration to the previous fragment (Fig. 43).
4F.6.389:	Bowl fragment and heel fragment with identical decoration to 4X.1.261 above.
4F.6.391:	Bowl fragment, heel and stem fragment with identical mark and stem decoration to 4W.3.112, Casemate 13 Right described above and in Figure 38 (Fig. 44). Stem fragments 4X.1.56 (Fig. 40, extreme right), 4X.1.172, 4X.1.332, 4X.1.344, 4X.1.345, 4X.1.346 (Fig. 40, second from right), 4X.1.369, 4X.1.370, 4X.1.381, 4X.1382, 4F.6.10, 4F.6.12, 4F.6.13, 4F.6.25, 4F.6.27 (two similar fragments with this number), 4F.6.28, 4F.6.44, 4F.6.50, 4F.6.77, 4F.6.86, 4F.6.99, 4F.6.119, 4F.6.146, 4F.6.163, 4F.6.197, 4F.6.203, 4F.6.222 and 4F.6.369 all have bands of touching circles and rouletted decoration.
*Two fragments with the same object number.

35 Junction of escarp wall rebuilt in 1755 (left) and original side walls of casemate. Scale in six-inch intervals.

36 Left, stem fragment with OHN/STEP/HENS impressed, the two Ns being retrograde and the TE and HE being monogrammed; see Figure 15; right, stem fragment with REUB/ENSI and a third line half broken off below (see Fig. 25). Contexts: both disturbed, ca. 1716-60.

	Casemate 15 Right
4Y.1.5:	Stem fragment with the beginning of a continuous spiral fluting, the top of the ridge being decorated with a rouletted line; unspiralled part of the stem covered with a very disfigured, lattice-like pattern of impressed diamonds (Fig. 40, extreme left).
4Y.1.6:	Bowl fragment and heel, with bottom part of the LV mark described in Casemate 13 Right, 4W.3.112 above, on heel, the rest of the stamp having missed.
4Y.1.7:	Stem fragment with the ogee impressions that are part of the decoration of the stem of the pipe with the LV mark referred to above (4W.3.112).
4Y.1.11:	Stem fragment with the ogee impressions, the circular dots surrounded by a circle between parallel lines followed by a panel with barbell motifs that are part of the pipe with the LV mark referred to above; in this case, however, the two halves of the bar bell-like motif are not individually paired and it can be seen that they are in fact formed by two lines of the ogee impressions laid back to back (Fig. 40, centre).
4Y.1.12:	Stem fragment with the letters IOHN, the N being retrograde, impressed on it.
4Y.1.13:	Bowl fragment and stem fragment, RT impressed on bowl facing smoker, very vague, raised, encircled cartouche with what appears to be the letter I but is probably the vertical of the R on the top line and with the T and P of the middle line of the in it (Fig. 45, left).
4Y.1.14:	Bowl fragment and stem fragment, RT impressed on bowl facing smoker (Fig. 45, right).
4Y.1.26:	Stem fragment with the letters impressed on it.
4Y.1.27:	Bowl fragment and stem fragment, RT impressed on bowl facing smoker, small piece of raised encircled cartouche visible (Fig. 45, centre).
4Y.1.261:	Bowl fragment and heel with trumpeter raised from impressed circle on heel.
4Y.1.264:	Bowl fragment and heel with identical decoration to the previous fragment.
4Y.1.380:	Bowl fragment, heel and stem fragment with what appears to be the letters CVC monogrammed, the second C being retrograde, raised on heel. Stem fragments 4Y.1.3, 4Y.1.4, 4Y.1.6 (another fragment with this number described above), 4Y.1.9, 4Y.1.10, 4Y.1.21, 4Y.1.22, 4Y.1.23, 4Y.1.24, 4Y.1.25, 4Y.1.28, 4Y.1.56, 4Y.1.332, 4Y.1.345, 4Y.1.346, 4Y.1.369, 4Y.1.370, and 4Y.1.381 (two similar fragments with this number) all have bands of touching circles and rouletted decoration. Other Material The occupation layer in each of Casemates 13, 14, and 15 Right, as already noted, comprised over 95 per cent of the total pipe material from all three casemates. Of the remaining 52 fragments which came either from Casemates 10-12 Right or the post-occupation fill of Casemates 13-15, only two bore marks.
4F.4.57A:	Stem fragment and bottom of bowl, with a flat-headed number 3 impressed on the bottom of the bowl (Fig. 46).
4T.9.4:	Bowl fragment and heel, with indecipherable letters on either side of heel. The use of numbers on pipes has already been referred to in discussing the three pipes from Casemate 1 Right that have the figure 8 on the bottom of the bowl. As with those three, not enough of the bowl of 4F.4.57A remains to indicate its shape, but again it is not Dutch. This stem was found in the fill of the rampart relatively high above the occupation level in Casemate 15 Right. It could belong to the period of construction of this part of the rampart, in which case it would be virtually contemporary with the rest of the material; or it could have come during the English demolition in 1760 when mines were dug in the ramparts. Alternatively, the stem could have been a later intrusion at some time during the nearly 200 years in which some minor occupation in the fortress area continued. If it belongs to the same family of pipes as those from Casemate 1 Right with the number 8 stamped in the same position, however, it has a good chance of being dated to the middle of the 18th century, on the evidence of Casemate 1 Right.

37 Remains of unfinished right face casemates after excavation of rampart, looking N.