Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History No. 11

The Battle of Queenston Heights

by Carol Whitfield

Endnotes

The Battle

1 David B. Read, The Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada and Ontario, 1792-1899 (Toronto: William Briggs, 1900), p. 81.

2 J. Mackay Hitsman, The Incredible War of 1812: a Military History (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965), p. 47; ibid., pp. 77-81.

3 Henry Adams, History of the United States of America During the First Administration of James Madison (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1909), Vol. 2, p. 340. General Brock had gone to Amherstburg to drive Brig. Gen. Hull out of Upper Canada.

4 Henry Adams, op. cit., p. 343. Van Rensselaer refers to the armistice signed on 8 August by Prevost and Dearborn because the British government had cancelled the Orders in Council, the ostensible reason for the United States declaring war on Great Britain. The armistice ended on 4 September.

5 Ernest Alexander Cruikshank, Queenston Heights: A Thrilling Narrative of the Famous Battle where General Brock died Defending His Country (hereafter cited as Battle of Queenston Heights), (Welland: Lundy's Lane Historical Society, 1890), p. 9.

6 Stephen Van Rensselaer to Dearborn, Lewiston, 14 October 1812, cited in John Russell, Jr., The History of the War, Between the United States and Great-Britain, which Commenced in June, 1812, and Closed in Feb. 1815; ... (Hartford: B. & J. Russell, 1815), p. 179; Henry Adams, op. cit., p. 346.

7 J. Mackay Hitsman, op. cit., p. 86.

8 Stephen Van Rensselaer to Dearborn, Lewiston, 14 October 1812, cited in John Russell, Jr., op. cit., pp. 179-80.

9 William Wood, ed., Select British Documents of the Canadian War of 1812 (hereafter cited as Select British Documents), (Toronto: Champlain Society, 1920), Vol. 1, p. 618, Lt. Col. T. Evans, Government House, Port George, 15 October 1812; William H, Merritt, Journal of Events Principally on the Detroit and Niagara Frontiers, During the War of 1812 (St. Catharines: Historical Society, 1863), p. 15.

10 Stephen Van Rensselaer to Dearborn, Lewiston, 14 October 1812, cited in J. Russell, Jr., op. cit., pp. 180-1.

11 Canada, Public Archives (hereafter cited as PAC), RG8, Vol. 677, p. 131, Brock to Prevost, Fort George, 11 October 1812.

12 Stephen Van Rensselaer to Dearborn, Lewiston, 14 October 1812, cited in J. Russell, Jr., op. cit., pp. 181-2.

13 Gilbert J. Hunt, The Late War, Between the United States and Great Britain, From June, 1812, to February, 1815, Written in the Ancient Historical Style, Containing also, a Sketch of the Late Algerine War: and the Treaty Concluded with the Day of Algiers: Commercial Treaty with Great Britain, and the Treaty concluded with the Creek Nation of Indians, 3rd ed., (New York: G. J. Hunt, 1819), p. 36.

14 Solomon Van Rensselaer, A Narrative of the Affair at Queenstown; in the War of 1812, With a Review of the Strictures on that Event, in a Book Entitled, "Notices of the War of 1812," (New York: Lord and Co., 1836), Appendix, p. 65, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Dearborn, Lewiston, 14 October 1812; Chrystie to Cushing, Albany, 22 February 1813, Cited in John Armstrong, Notices of the War of 1812 (New York: Wiley and Putnam, 1840), Vol. 1, p. 210.

15 Ibid., Vol. 1, p. 211, J. Chrystie to Gen. T. H. Cushing, Albany, 22 February 1813.

16 Based on the topography of Queenston and several descriptions of the landing and subsequent events.

17 John Richardson, Richardson's War of 1812, with Notes and a Life of the Author by A. C. Casselman (hereafter cited as Richardson's War), (Toronto: Historical Publishing Co., 1902), p. 107.

18 PAC, MG24, K2, Vol. 12, pp. 84-98, letter written by a member of York Militia, Brown's Point, 14 October 1812: John Armstrong, op. cit., Vol. 1, pp. 211-2, J. Chrystie to Gen. T. H. Cushing, Albany, 22 February 1813.

19 Ernest A. Cruikshank, Battle of Queenston Heights, p. 11; J. G. Currie, "The Battle of Queenston Heights," Niagara Historical Society Records, Vol. 4 (1898), p. 15; The Quebec Gazette, 19 November 1812.

20 William Wood, ed., Select British Documents, p. 621, Lt. Col. T. Evans, Government House, Fort George, 15 October 1812; John Richardson, War of 1812, First Series. Containing a Full and Detailed Narrative of the Operations of the Right Division of the Canadian Army, by Major Richardson. K.S.F., (hereafter cited as War of 1812), (Brockville: n.p., 1842), p. 61; Ernest A. Cruikshank, "The Battle of Queenston Heights," in Morris Zaslow, ed., The Defended Border: Upper Canada and the War of 1812, a Collection of Writings Giving a Comprehensive Picture of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada (hereafter cited as "The Battle"), (Toronto: Macmillan, 1964), p. 24.

21 Ernest A. Cruikshank, "The Battle," p. 34.

22 William Wood, ed., Select British Documents, p. 623, Lt. Col. T. Evans, Government House, Fort George, 15 October 1812.

23 Gilbert J. Hunt, op. cit., p. 37.

24 Gilbert Auchinleck, The War of 1812, A History of the War Between Great Britain and the United States During the Years 1812, 1813, and 1814 (Toronto: W. C. Chewett and Co., 1862), p. 112, Wool to Colonel Van Rensselaer, Buffalo, 23 October 1812; Louis L. Babcock, The War of 1812 on the Niagara Frontier (Buffalo: Buffalo Historical Society, 1927), p. 48; Francis Wayland Campbell, The War of 1812-13-14 Between Great Britain and the United States, A Lecture Delivered at the Montreal Military Institute and Before the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Montreal in February 1899, by Francis Wayland Campbell (Montreal: A. Pelletier, 1899), p. 12.

25 Louis L. Babcock, op. cit., p. 48: Ernest A. Cruikshank, "The Battle," p. 35.

26 Gilbert Auchinleck, op. cit., p. 111. Wool to Col. Van Rensselaer, Buffalo, 23 October 1812; J. Mackay Hitsman, op. cit., p. 88: PAC, MG24, K2, Vol. 2, pp. 84-98, York Militia, Brown's Point, 14 October 1812.

27 Gilbert J. Hunt, loc. cit. (Invincibles was a nickname for the 41st Regiment, which appeared on the battlefield later).

28 There are various spellings for this name. This version is according to Lukin Homfray Irving, Officers of the British Forces in Canada During the War of 1812-15 (Welland: Welland Tribune, 1908), p. 8; PAC, MG24, K2, Vol. 12, pp. 84-98, York Militia, Brown's Point, 14 October 1812.

29 John Armstrong, op. cit., p. 213, Chrystie to Cushing, Albany, 22 February 1813; The Quebec Gazette, 29 October 1812, Letter from young militia officer, Brown's Point, 15 October 1812; John Armstrong, loc. cit., Chrystie to Cushing, Albany, 22 February 1813.

30 Henry M. Brackenridge, History of the Late War Between the United States and Great Britain Comprising a Minute Account of the Various Military and Naval Operations (Philadelphia: James Kay, Jun. and Brother, 1844), p. 69.

31 Gilbert Auchinleck, op. cit., p. 111, Wool to Col. Van Rensselaer, Buffalo, 23 October 1812.

32 PAC, RG8, Vol. 1, 168, p. 323, General Orders, H.Q., Montreal, 21 October 1812; J. Russell, Jr., op. cit., p. 185, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Dearborn, Lewiston, 14 October 1812.

33 PAC, RG8, Vol. 1, 219, p. 169, "Return of ordnance and stores captured from the enemy at Queenston in U.C. . . . on the 13th October 1812."

34 John Armstrong, op. cit., pp. 215-6, Chrystie to Cushing, Albany, 22 February 1813; ibid., p. 104: Henry M. Brackenridge, op. cit., p. 70.

35 Gilbert J. Hunt, loc. cit.

36 J. G. Currie, op. cit., p. 18; Gilbert Auchinleck, op. cit., p. 105.

37 PAC, MG24, G39, pp. 10-2, James Crooks, "Recollections of the War of 1812"; The Quebec Gazette, Supplement, 31 October 1812, Letter from G. R. to father, Brown's Point, 14 October 1812.

38 Joel T. Headley, The Second War with England (New York: Charles Scribner, 1853), p. 103; John Armstrong, op. cit., p. 105.

39 Louis L. Babcock, op. cit., p. 50. (Fort Drummond is a small earthwork fortification built later in the War of 1812.)

40 Ernest A. Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier in the year 1812 (hereafter cited as Documentary History), (Welland: Lundy's Lane Historical Society, 1897), Vol. 2, p. 86; John Lovett to Joseph Alexander, 14 October 1812.

41 William H. Merritt, op. cit., p. 17.

42 Gilbert J. Hunt, op. cit., p. 38.

43 PAC, MG24, G39, pp. 13-4, J. Crooks, "Recollections of the War of 1812."

44 John Armstrong, op. cit., p. 217, Chrystie to Cushing, Albany, 22 February 1813.

45 John Russell, Jr., op. cit., p. 164, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Dearborn, Lewiston, 14 October 1812.

46 John Armstrong, op. cit., p. 106.

47 Ernest A. Cruikshank, Documentary History, Vol. 2, p. 92, Colonel Mead's statement. Albany Argus, 30 March 1813; William H. Merritt, op. cit., p. 17.

48 William J. Wood, ed., Select British Documents, Vol. 1, pp. 615-6, J. B. Robinson, Brown's Point, 14 October 1812.

49 PAC, MG11, Vol. 351, (Q Series, Vol. 118), p. 282, Sheaffe to Prevost, Fort George, 13 October 1812.

50 PAC, MG24, G39, pp. 8-9, J. Crooks, "Recollections of the War of 1812."

51 PAC, MG11, Vol. 351, (Q Series, Vol. 116), p. 290, General Order, H.Q., Montreal, 21 October 1812; Henry M. Brackenridge, op. cit., p. 72; PAC, MG11, Vol. 351, (Q Series, Vol. 118), p. 290, General Order, H.Q., Montreal, 21 October 1812; William J. Wood, ed., Select British Documents, p. 624, Lt. Col. T. Evans, Government House, Fort George, 15 October 1812.

52 Adolphus Egerton Ryerson, The Loyalists of America and Their Times from 1620 to 1816 (Toronto: William Briggs, 1860), Vol. 2, p. 371; PAC, MG11, Vol. 351, (Q Series, Vol. 118), pp. 289-90, General Order, H.Q., Montreal, 21 October 1812.

53 PAC, MG11, Vol. 352, (Q Series, Vol. 119), p. 16, "Return of killed, wounded and prisoners of war in the action at Queenstown Niagara on the 13th October 1812."

54 John Russell, Jr., op. cit., p. 185, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Dearborn, Lewiston, 14 October 1812.

55 PAC, RG8, Vol. 1, 220, p. 234. "Return of Ordnance and Ordnance Stores that have been captured from the enemy since the commencement of hostilities in Canada: At the Battle of Queenstown 13th October 1812"; James C. Morden, Historical Monuments and Observatories of Lundy's Lane and Queenston Heights (Welland: Lundy's Lane Historical Society, 1929), pp. 65-7.

56 PAC, MG11, Vol. 352, (Q Series, Vol. 119), pp. 14-5. "Return of killed, wounded and missing of the army under the command of Major General Isaac Brock in the action at Queens-Town Niagara on the 13th October 1813"; Louis L. Babcock, op. cit., p. 52.

57 PAC, MG11, Vol. 776, (Q Series, Vol. 316), p. 251, Brock to Brothers, Niagara, 16 September 1812.

58 Matilda Edgar, General Brock (Toronto: Morang and Co., 1904), pp. 275-6.

59 Charles P. Stacey, "The Defence of Upper Canada;" in: Morris Zaslow, ed., op. cit., p. 19.

Sir Isaac Brock

1 Canada, Public Archives (hereafter cited as PAC), MG24, A1, Vol. 1, p. 141, Baptismal certificate; PAC, MG25G, A71, Brock Genealogy Chart.

2 Ferdinand Brock Tupper, The Life and Correspondence of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B. (London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co., 1847), pp. 4-5.

3 Great Britain, War Office, A list of the Officers of the Army and Marines: with an Index: A Succession of Colonels and a List of the Officers of the Army and Marines on Half-Pay; Also with an Index (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1795), p. 198.

4 Walter R. Nursey, The Story of Isaac Brock (General Sir Isaac Brock, K.B.) Hero, Defender and Saviour of Upper Canada in 1812 (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1923), p. 34.

5 Ferdinand Brock Tupper, op. cit., p. 8.

6 Ibid., p. 20.

7 PAC, RG8, Vol. 2, p. 122, R. Brownrigg to Hunter, Horse Guards, 18 September 1802.

8 Ferdinand Brock Tupper, op. cit., p. 26.

9 PAC, RG8, Vol. 923, pp. 12-6, Brock to Lt. Col. Green, Fort George, 8 February 1804.

10 Matilda Edgar, General Brock (Toronto: Morang and Co., 1904), p. 63; PAC, RG8, Vol. 923, p. 21, Brock to ?, Fort George, 2 April 1804.

11 Matilda Edgar, op. cit., pp. 64-9.

12 Ferdinand Brock Tupper, op. cit., p. 33.

13 PAC, MG24, A1, Vol. 1, pp. 83-9, Brock's proposal submitted to Horse Guards in 1806.

14 Ibid.

15 Matilda Edgar, op. cit., p. 73.

16 PAC, RG8, A1, Vol. 5, Pt. ?, p. 2044, Brock to Gore, Quebec, 27 September 1806.

17 Matilda Edgar, op. cit., p. 76.

18 PAC, MG11, (Q Series, Vol. 104), pp. 63-4, J. Green to Dunn, Quebec, 23 July 1807.

19 Ibid., p. 58, Brock to Dunn, Quebec, 17 July 1807.

20 Ibid., pp. 56-61, Brock to Dunn, Quebec, 17 July 1807, and Council Minutes, 22 July 1807.

21 Ibid., p. 63, Brock to Dunn, Quebec, 23 July 1807.

22 Ibid., p. 64, Brock to Dunn. Quebec, 23 July 1807.

23 Ibid., p. 98, Council Minutes, 23 July 1807.

24 Ibid., pp. 101-3, Council Minutes, 25 July 1807.

25 Ibid., p. 202, General Order, Quebec, 9 September 1807; PAC, MG24, B10, p. 298, Brock to Dunn, Quebec, 18 August 1807.

26 Matilda Edgar, op. cit., p. 94.

27 PAC, MG24, B10, p. 203, Brock to Dunn, Quebec, 13 April 1807; Ibid., pp. 203-16, Brock to Dunn, Quebec, 13 April 1807, 16 May 1807, 20 May 1807, Dunn to Windham, Quebec, 6 June 1807.

28 Ibid., p. 210, Dunn to Windham, Quebec, 6 June 1807.

29 PAC, RG8, Vol. 923, pp. 12-6, Brock to Lt. Col. Green, Fort George, 8 February 1804. Brock accused Sheaffe of lacking any insight into human nature, implying that he had that elusive quality.

30 PAC, MG24, B10, p. 212, Dunn to Windham, Quebec, 6 June 1807. For additional proof of Dunn's obsequiousness see PAC, MG11, Vol. 335 and PAC, MG24, B10.

31 Matilda Edgar, op. cit., p. 79; also PAC, RG8, Vol. 354, pp. 91-3, W. Lane to Lt. Col. Green, Quebec, 28 November 1806.

32 PAC, MG24, B10, pp. 179-87, Brock to Dunn, Quebec, 2 May 1807, 4 May 1807, 6 May 1807.

33 Ibid., pp. 179-81, Brock to Dunn, Quebec, 2 May 1807.

34 PAC, RG8, Vol. 599, pp. 66-6, Dunn to Brock, Castle St. Lewis, Quebec, 5 May 1807; PAC, MG24, B10, pp. 185-7, Brock to Dunn, Quebec, 6 May 1807; Ibid., pp. 182-4, Brock to Dunn, Quebec, 4 May 1807.

35 PAC, MG11, Vol. 335, p. 244, Dunn to Castlereagh, Quebec, 14 October 1807.

36 PAC, RG8, Vol. 164, p. 84, Brock to Major Green, York, 14 July 1803; Ibid., Vol. 923, p. 37, Brock to Lt. Col. Green, Quebec, 24 September 1804.

37 Ibid., Vol. 226, p. 60, Gordon to Craig, Horse Guards, 6 June 1808; Matilda Edgar, op. cit., p. 99.

38 Ferdinand Brock Tupper, op. cit., pp. 73-4, Brock to Brothers, Quebec, 19 November 1808.

39 PAC, MG11, Vol. 778, p. 238, Enclosure John Savery Brock to Bathurst, 28 November 1812.

40 Ibid., pp. 241-2, Brock to Brothers, York, 30 October 1811. In this letter Brock refers to his brothers Daniel and Savery, his nephew and nieces, William Potenger and "the girls," and to the remuneration he received as President of Upper Canada as of 9 October 1811.

41 Ibid., pp. 242-3, Brock to Brothers, Lake Ontario, 3 September 1812.

42 Matilda Edgar, op. cit., p. 135.

43 Walter R. Nursey, op. cit., p. 211.

44 Ibid., p. 84.

45 PAC, RG8, Vol. 228, p. 21, Brock to Prevost, York, 12 February 1812.

46 Ibid., Vol. 30, p. 24, Lt. Col. Torrent to Craig, Horse Guards, 18 June 1811; Ibid., Vol. 688A, pp. 1-3, Draft of Brock's Proclamation.

47 William M. Weekes, "The War of 1812: Civil Authority and Martial Law in Upper Canada," in: Morris Zaslow, ed., The Defended Border; Upper Canada and the War of 1812, A Collection of Writings Giving a Comprehensive Picture of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada (Toronto: Macmillan, 1964), p. 194; PAC, RG8, Vol. 677, pp. 1-4, Brock to Col. Baynes, York, 4 August 1812.

48 David B. Read, The Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada and Ontario, 1792-1899 (Toronto: William Briggs, 1900), p. 82; Ibid., p. 83; PAC, RG8, Vol. 676, pp. 92-6, Brock to Prevost, York, 25 February 1812; Ibid., pp. 236-8, Brock to Prevost, York, 29 July 1812: Ibid., pp. 92-6, Brock to Prevost, York, 25 February 1812; Ibid., Vol. 677, pp. 64-7, Brock to Prevost, Fort George, 7 September 1812.

49 John Richardson, Richardson's War of 1812, with Notes and a Life of the Author, by Alexander Clark Casselman (Toronto: Historical Publishing Co., 1902), p. 59, General Order, H.Q. Detroit, 16 August 1812.

50 PAC, RG8, Vol. 676, pp. 239-41, Brock to Col. Baynes, York, 29 July 1812.

51 PAC, RG5, A1, Vol. 15, pp. 6149-53, Bishop Mountain to Brock, Quebec, 9 April 1812; Ibid., pp. 6281-4, Mountain to Brock, Quebec, 28 May 1812.

52 David B. Read, op. cit., p. 82.

53 PAC, MG11, Vol. 777, pp. 4-12, Brock to Earl of Liverpool, York, 23 March 1812.

54 PAC, RG8, Vol. 676, pp. 217-8, Brock to Prevost, York, 28 July 1812; Ibid., pp. 229-31, Addresses to Legislative Council and House of Assembly, 28 July 1812.

55 William M. Weekes, "The War of 1812: Civil Authority and Martial Law in Upper Canada," in: Morris Zaslow, ed., op. cit., p. 193.

56 PAC, RG8, Vol. 673, pp. 171-82, Brock to Prevost, York, 3 December 1811.

57 Ibid., Vol. 1218, pp. 108-11, Prevost to Brock, Quebec, 24 December 1811.

58 Albert Mark John Hyatt, "The Defence of Upper Canada in 1812," M.A. thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, 1961, p. 130.

59 PAC, MG11, Vol. 778, p. 252, Brock to Brothers, Niagara, 18 September 1812.

60 George F. G. Stanley, "The Indians in the War of 1812," in: Morris Zaslow, ed., op. cit., pp. 178-9.

61 J. Mackay Hitsman, The Incredible War of 1812: A Military History (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965), p. 67.

62 Ibid., pp. 55-6; This judgement is based upon Hull's proclamation to the people of Upper Canada. "The Army of friends must be hailed by You with a cordial welcome — . . . . Had I any doubt of eventual success, I might ask your assistance, but do not— I come prepared for every contingency;" PAC, MG11, Vol. 776, pp. 248-51, Brock to Brothers, Lake Ontario, 3 September 1812: Walter R. Nursey, op. cit., p. 125; Ferdinand Brock Tupper, op. cit., p. 397; Walter R. Nursey, op. cit., p. 140; Brock died unaware that he had been knighted.

63 PAC, RG8, Vol. 688A, pp. 196-8, H. Proctor to Chief Justice Woodward, Detroit, 20 August 1812.

64 Ernest A. Cruikshank, "The Battle of Queenston Heights," in: Morris Zaslow, ed., op. cit., p. 27.

65 PAC, RG8, Vol. 1203-1/2A, pp. 47-8; ibid., Vol. 6868, p. 126, S. Van Rensselaer to Sheaffe, Lewiston, 16 October 1812; Land Grants to Isaac Brock's brothers, Ferdinand Brock Tupper, op. cit., pp. 398-400.

66 Walter R. Nursey, op. cit., title page.

67 PAC, RG8, Vol. 677, p. 238, Bathurst to Prevost, Downing Street, 8 December 1912.

68 Charles P. Lucas, The Canadian War of 1812 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906), p. 55.

Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe

1 Henry J. Morgan, Sketches of Celebrated Canadians, and Persons Connected with Canada, from the Earliest Period in the History of the Province down to the Present Time (Quebec: Hunter, Rose and Co., 1862), p. 165.

2 Lorenzo Sabine, Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution, with an Historical Essay (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1864), Vol. 2, p. 280.

3 Canada, Public Archives (hereafter cited as PAC), MG23, H1, 4, Vol. 3, p. 1174, W. G. Powell's biography of R. H. Sheaffe.

4 The Royal Military Calendar, or Army Service and Commission Book Containing the Services and Progress of Promotion of the Generals, Lieutenant-Generals, Major-Generals, Colonels, Lieutenant-Colonels, and Majors of the Army, According to Seniority; with Details of the Principal Military Events of the Last Century (hereafter cited as Royal Military Calendar), (London: A. J. Valpy, 1820), Vol. 3, p. 166. The dates of all subsequent commissions, unless otherwise noted, are taken from this source.

5 Lorenzo Sabine, op. cit., p. 286.

6 John Graves Simcoe, The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe, with Allied Documents Relating to His Administration of the Government of Upper Canada, ed., E.A. Cruikshank (Toronto: Ontario Historical Society, 1923-26), Vol. 3, p. 27, F. Randolph to G. Hammond, Philadelphia, 1 September 1794.

7 Ibid., p. 16, G. Washington to J. Jay, Philadelphia, 30 August 1794.

8 PAC, RG8, Vol. 29, p. 123, Brownrigg to Hunter, Horse Guards, 8 December 1802.

9 Roger Hale Sheaffe, "Documents Relating to the War of 1812: The Letter-Book of Gen. Sir Roger Hale Sheaffe," Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society, Vol. 17 (1913), p. 273.

10 See Appendices A and B.

11 PAC, RG8, Vol. 923, p. 56, R. H. Sheaffe to ?, York, 9 August 1805.

12 Roger Hale Sheaffe, op. cit., pp. 273-, Commission, 4 June 1812; Married 1810.

13 PAC, MG23, H1, 4, Vol. 3, p. 1238, E. Baynes to T. Evans, Quebec, 20 July 1812.

14 Benson J. Lossing, The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812; or, Illustrations, by Pen and Pencil, of the History, Biography, Scenery, Relics and Traditions of the Last War for American Independence . . . (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1869), p. 405.

15 PAC, RG8, Vol. 1219, p. 16, Prevost to Bathurst, Montreal, 17 August 1812.

16 Ibid., Vol. 677, pp. 51-7, Sheaffe to Prevost, Fort George, 22 August 1812.

17 J. Mackay Hitsman, The Incredible War of 1812: A Military History (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965), p. 79.

18 PAC, RG8, Vol. 1216, p. 377, Prevost to Brock, Montreal, 30 August 1812.

19 Ibid., Vol. 688A, p. 6, Executive Council of Upper Canada to Sheaffe, n.d.

20 Ibid., Vol. 677, p. 237, Bathurst to Prevost, Downing Street, 8 December 1812.

21 Ibid., Vol. 1220, pp. 10-2, Prevost to Sheaffe, Montreal, 27 October 1812.

22 PAC, RG4, D, 1, Quebec Gazette, 18 November 1612.

23 William Wood, ed., Select British Documents of the Canadian War of 1812 (Toronto: Champlain Society, 1920), Vol. 1, p. 45.

24 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. 121, pp. 194-8, Prevost to Bathurst, Quebec, 21 April 1813.

25 PAC, RG8, Vol. 677, p. 202, Sheaffe to Prevost, Fort George, 23 November 1812.

26 PAC, MG23, H1, 4, Vol. 3, p. 1178, W. D. Powell's biography of Sheaffe.

27 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. 121, pp. 140-6, Prevost to Bathurst, Quebec, 19 March 1813.

28 William M. Weekes, "The War of 1812: Civil Authority and Martial Law in Upper Canada," in: Morris Zaslow, ed., The Defended Border: Upper Canada and the War of 1812, A Collection of Writings Giving a Comprehensive Picture of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada (Toronto: Macmillan, 1964), p. 196.

29 PAC, RG8, Vol. 1220, p. 169, Prevost to Torrent, Quebec, 10 February 1813.

30 Robert Flemming Gourlay, Statistical Account of Upper Canada, Compiled with a View to a Grand System of Emigration. . . . (London: Simpkin and Marshall, 1822), Vol. 2, pp. 255-6.

31 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. 317, pp. 66-8, Explanatory Remarks on Certain Acts of the Legislature of Upper Canada, passed in the 2nd Session of the 6th Parliament 17th March 1813, signed R. H. Sheaffe.

32 Ibid., p. 97, Sheaffe to Prevost, York, 18 March 1813.

33 William Renwick Riddell, The Life of William Dummer Powell, First Judge at Detroit and Fifth Chief Justice of Upper Canada (Lansing: Michigan Historical Commission, 1924), pp. 112-3, appointed so replace deceased John Macdonell.

34 Ernest A. Cruikshank, ed., Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara Frontier in the Year 1812 (Welland: Lundy's Lane Historical Society, 1896-1908), Vol. 3, p. 29, Major T. Evans to W. D. Powell, Fort George, 6 January 1813.

35 Ibid., p. 31, Sheaffe to ?, Fort George. 7 January 1813.

36 The defences of York were appalling. Brock had complained vociferously and had been given a stone magazine and a few, insufficient cannon. See PAC, RG8, Vol. 728, pp. 119-25, and J. Mackay Hitsman, op. cit., p. 123.

37 Charles Perry Stacey, The Battle of Little York (Toronto: Toronto Historical Board, 1963), p. 7.

38 Charles Perry Stacey, "The War of 1812 in Canadian History," Ontario History, Vol. 50, No. 3 (1958), pp. 153-9.

39 Charles W. Humphries, "The Capture of York," in: Morris Zaslow, ed., op. cit., pp. 256-7.

40 Ernest A. Cruikshank, ed., op. cit., pp. 192-202.

41 PAC, RG8, Vol. 1219, p. 71, Prevost to Bathurst, Kingston, 24 June 1813.

42 Royal Military Calendar, p. 167.

43 PAC, RG8, Vol. 1170, p. 266, General Orders, H.Q. Kingston, 18 June 1813.

44 Ibid., Vol. 1171, p. 33, General Orders, Montreal, 27 September 1813.

45 Ibid., Vol. 1221, p. 106, Prevost to Sheaffe, Kingston, 22 July 1813.

46 Ibid., Vol. 229, pp. 136-7, Sheaffe to Prevost, Montreal, 25 July 1813.

47 Ibid., Vol. 329, p. 164, Hale to Freer, Quebec, 6 November 1813.

48 David B. Read, The Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada and Ontario, 1792-1899 (Toronto: William Briggs, 1900), p. 89.

49 Roger Hale Sheaffe, op. cit., pp. 273-4.

John Macdonell

1 Edward Marion Chadwick, Ontarian Families, Genealogies of United-Empire-Loyalist and Other Pioneer Families of Upper Canada (Toronto: Rolph, Smith and Co., 1895-98), p. 9. Place of birth is vital in differentiating Macdonnells. There were so many that their place of origin in Scotland usually followed their names; hence John Macdonell (Scotus) is not John Macdonell (Greenfield); John Alexander Macdonell, Sketches Illustrating the Early Settlement and History of Glengarry in Canada, Relating Principally to the Revolutionary War of 1775-83, the War of 1813-14 and the Rebellion of 1837-8, and the Services of the King's Royal Regiment of New York . . . (Montreal: Wm. Foster, Brown and Co., 1893), p. 204; W. L. Scott, "Glengarry's Representatives in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada," Canadian Catholic Historical Association Reports, Pt. 1 (1938-39), p. 21.

2 John Alexander Macdonell, op. cit., p. 204; John Graham Harkness, Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry: A History, 1784-1948 (Oshawa: n.p., 1946), p. 92; Canada, Public Archives (hereafter cited as PAC), RG5, A1, Vol. 8, pp. 3314-16, 19 August 1806.

3 John Graham Harkness, op. cit., p. 92.

4 PAC, RG5, D, The York Gazette, 25 December 1811.

5 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. 314, p. 135, F. Gore to Earl of Liverpool, York, 30 September 1811; William Renwick Riddell, The Life of William Dummer Powell, First Judge at Detroit and Fifth Chief Justice of Upper Canada (Lansing: Michigan Historical Comm., 1924), p. 225.

6 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. 315, p. 185; ibid., Vol. 316, p. 161, F. Gore to Liverpool, Downing Street, 27 April 1812.

7 John Alexander Macdonell, op. cit., p. 204; William W. Weekes, "The War of 1812: Civil Authority and Martial Law in Upper Canada," in: Morris Zaslow, ed., The Defended Border; Upper Canada and the War of 1812, a Collection of Writings Giving a Comprehensive Picture of the War of 1812 in Upper Canada (Toronto: Macmillan, 1964), p. 193.

8 PAC, RG5, D, The York Gazette, 22 April 1812.

9 PAC, RG5, A1, Vol. 15, p. 6231, Macdonell to J. Brock, York, 12 May 1812.

10 John Alexander Macdonell, op. cit., p. 192.

11 PAC, RG8, 1, C Series, Vol. 688A, p. 184, Isaac Brock to Prevost, Detroit, 17 August 1812.

12 PAC, RG8, 1, C Series, Vol. 683, p. 133, Return of the Officers of the regular Army present at the capture of Detroit . . who . . . are eligible to receive medals, H. Proctor, 15 May 1814.

13 PAC, MG11, Q Series, Vol. 315, p. 207, Sheaffe to Earl Bathurst, York, 20 October 1812; PAC, RG8, 1, C Series, Vol. 12031/2A, p. 47, District General Orders, Ft. George, 16 October 1812.

Stephen and Solomon Van Rensselaer

1 Samuel Eliot Morison, The Oxford History of the American People (New York: Oxford University Press, 1965), p. 75.

2 Dictionary of American Biography (hereafter cited as DAB), s.v. "Solomon Van Rensselaer"; Catharine Visscher Bonney, A Legacy of Historical Gleanings (Albany: J. Munsell, 1875), Vol. 1, pp. 91, 188: Joel Munsell, The Annals of Albany (Albany: J. Munsell, 1850-59), Vol. 3, p. 164.

3 Samuel Eliot Morison, op. cit., p. 362; DAB, op. cit., p. 210.

4 Catharine Visscher Bonney, op. cit., Vol. 1, pp. 157, 367.

5 DAB, op. cit., p. 210.

6 Catharine Visscher Bonney, op. cit., Vol. 1, pp. 195-8.

7 Canada, Public Archives (hereafter cited as PAC), RG 8, Vol. 688A, pp. 212-4; See Appendix C.

8 Catherine Visscher Bonney, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 242.

9 DAB, op. cit., p. 210.

10 Catherine Visscher Bonney, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 339.

11 Joel Munsell, op. cit., Vol. 7, pp. 164-5.

12 John Wien Forney, Anecdotes of Public Men (New York: Harper, 1874), pp. 281-3; Catharine Visscher Bonney, op. cit., Vol. 2, p. 109.

13 Catharine Visscher Bonney, Vol. 2, p. 117; Joel Munsell, op. cit., Vol. 10, p. 339; DAB, p. 211.

14 Catherine Visscher Bonney, op. cit., Vol. 2, p. 213.

15 Joel Munsell, op. cit., Vol. 8, p. 123.

16 DAB, op. cit., p. 211.

17 Ibid., p. 211.

18 Joel Munsell, op. cit., Vol. 3, pp. 292-4.

19 DAB, op. cit., p. 211; George W. Schuyler, Colonial New York: Philip Schuyler and his Family (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1865), p. 231.

20 Samuel Eliot Morison, op. cit., p. 492; Joel Munsell, op. cit., Vol. 3, p. 168.

21 Joel Munsell, op. cit., Vol. 3, pp. 296-9.

22 DAB, op. cit., p. 211.

23 Joel Munsell, op. cit., Vol. 3, p. 314.

24 J. Mackey Hitsman, The Incredible War of 1812; a Military History (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1965), p. 51.

25 Solomon Van Rensselaer, A Narrative of the Affair of Queenstown; in the War of 1812, With a Review of the Strictures on that Event in a Book Entitled, "Notices of the War of 1812" (New York: Leevitt, Lord and Co., 1836), p. 17

26 Ibid., p. 13; J. Mackay Hitsman, op. cit., p. 81; Solomon Van Rensselaer, op. cit., Appendix, pp. 28-35.

27 Catharine Visscher Bonney, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 231, Solomon Van Rensselaer to Lewis, 11 September 1812.

28 Solomon Van Rensselaer, op. cit., p. 14; Ibid., Appendix, p. 61, Totten to Van Rensselaer, 5 October 1812.

29 Ibid., Appendix, p. 60, Dearborn to Van Rensselaer, 26 September 1812.

30 Louis L. Babcock, The War of 1812 on the Niagara Frontier (Buffalo: Buffalo Historical Society, 1927), p. 39.

31 Catharine Visscher Bonney, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 240.

32 Solomon Van Rensselaer, op. cit., Appendix. p. 63. See Appendix D herein.

33 Ibid., p. 34.

34 Henry Adams, History of the United States of America During the First Administration of James Madison (New York; Charles Scribner's Sons, 1909), Vol. 6, p. 396.

35 Louis L. Babcock, op. cit., p. 55.

36 Joel Munsell, op. cit., Vol. 3. p. 311.

37 Ibid., Vol. 6, p. 123; Vol. 3, p. 322.

38 Martin Van Buren, "The Autobiography of Martin Van Buren," ed., John C. Fitzpatrick, Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the year 1918 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1920), Vol. 2, p. 150.

39 Ibid., p. 152.

40 Joel Munsell, op. cit., Vol. 7, p. 187; Ibid., Vol. 10, p. 268; Ibid., Vol. 7, p. 304.

41 Ibid., Vol. 3, pp. 165, 172, 210, 281, 321-322; Vol. 5, p. 28; Vol. 8, p. 128; Vol. 10, pp. 245, 255.

42 Henry Wayland Hill, An Historical Review of Waterways and Canal Construction in New York State (Buffalo: Buffalo Historical Society, 1908), Vol. 12, p. 72.

43 Ibid., pp. 81, 94; Joel Munsell, op. cit., Vol. 3, p. 311; Ibid., Vol. 5, p. 315.

44 Catharine Visscher Bonney, op. cit., Vol. 2, p. 107; DAB, op. cit., p. 212.

45 Joel Munsell, op. cit., Vol. 3, p. 319; Vol. 2, p. 239; The Holland Land Co. and Canal Construction, in Western New York, Buffalo — Black Rock Harbor Papers, Journals and Documents (Buffalo: Buffalo Historical Society, 1910), Vol. 14, p. 278; DAB, op. cit., p. 212.

46 DAB, op. cit., p. 112.

47 Samuel Eliot Morison, op. cit., pp. 492-3.

48 Joel Munsell, op. cit., Vol. 5, p. 267.

Appendix A

1 PAC, RG8, Vol. 923, pp. 12-6.

Appendix B

1 PAC, MG23, H1, 4, Vol. 3, pp. 1201.

Appendix C

1 PAC, RG8, Vol. 688A, pp. 212-4, Report by Major Thomas Evens.

Appendix D

1 Solomon Van Rensselaer, op. cit., pp. 62-7.