A Brief History of Canada's National Parks
Contents
Chapter 1 The Early Years (Up to 1900)
Introduction
The National Park Idea
Early Exploration
Missionary Travels
The Palliser Expedition
Dr. Hector's Discoveries
Exploration Beyond the Mountains
British Columbia Enters Confederation
Transcontinental Railway Projected
Rogers Pass Selected
Rocky Mountains Crossed
Scientific Exploration
Hot Springs Discovered
Claims of Ownership
Public Reservation Recommended
Public Inquiry Instituted
Commissioner Pearce's Recommendations
Development of Springs Proposed
Park Legislation Initiated
Debate in the Commons
National Park Established
Early Visitor Amenities
Banff Townsite Takes Form
Access to Scenic Areas
Administrative Changes
The Banff Lot Scandal
New Superintendent Appointed
The Lake Louise Reservation
More Park Reserves
Yoho and Glacier Reserves
Waterton Lakes Forest Park
Park Idea Confirmed
Chapter 2 Expansion in the West (1900 to 1981)
Introduction
Banff National Park
The Park is Enlarged
A New Parks Act
The Automobile Arrives
Hot Springs Development
Cave and Basin Springs
Plans for Centennial
Winter Sports Activity
Yoho National Park
Yoho Valley Explored
Yoho Becomes a Park
Hotels and Lodges
The Monarch Mine
Glacier National Park
Glacier House and Station
Nakimu Caves Discovered
The Connaught Tunnel
Avalanche Control
Waterton Lakes National Park
Larger Park Recommended
Kootenay Lakes Forest Reserve
Waterton Lakes Park Created
Elk Island National Park
Reserve for Elk
Buffalo Herd Purchased
Eradication of Disease
Private Land Purchase
Park Development
Drive-in Buffalo Enclosure
Ukrainian Museum
Jasper National Park
Forest Park Established
Railway Construction
Highway Development
Visitor Accommodation
Mount Revelstoke National Park
Early Park Visitors
Road to Summit
Trans-Canada Highway
Winter Sports Development
Kootenay National Park
Mountain Highway Planned
Terms of the Agreement
Development at the Springs
Wood Buffalo National Park
Early Protective Measures
Infectious Diseases
Whooping Crane Located
Indian Rights
Prince Albert National Park
Animal Park Proposed
Park Development
Grey Owl's Activities
Riding Mountain National Park
First Park Proposals
Early Exploration
Campgrounds Popular
Winter Recreation
Pacific Rim National Park
Three Components
Rich Indian History
Grasslands National Park
Prairie Landscape
Chapter 3 Parks of Eastern Canada (1904 to 1981)
Introduction
St. Lawrence Islands National Park
Early Island Parks
First Visitors
St. Lawrence Islands Bridge
Islands are Purchased
Point Pelee National Park
Early History
Naval Reserve Established
Gun Club Lease
Natural Resources Exploited
Park Development
Georgian Bay Islands National Park
Indian Occupation
Explorers and Missionaries
Iroquois Invasions
Archaeological Research
Beausoleil Island Settled
Indian Legends
National Park Advocated
Flowerpot Island
Cape Breton Highlands National Park
National Park Promoted
Early History
The Cabot Trail
The Lone Shieling
Wildlife Repopulation
Prince Edward Island National Park
Inspection of Sites
Dalvay by the Sea
Green Gables
Visitor Accommodation
Fundy National Park
Early Representations
Park Development
Visitor Accommodation
Arts and Crafts
Terra Nova National Park
Early Park Proposals
Agreement is Reached
Official Opening
Kejimkujik National Park
The Park Takes Form
Indian Occupation
Campground Development
The Fish Hatchery
Kouchibouguac National Park
Economic Stimulus
Outstanding Sandbars
Gros Morne National Park
Regional Benefits
Initial Development
Pukaskwa National Park
Indian Rights to Continue
Superb Wilderness
Chapter 4 National Parks in Quebec
Introduction
Numerous Representations Made
Mont Tremblant Area Examined
Gaspé Peninsula Investigated
Federal-Provincial ARDA Agreement
Forillon Park Agreement
Additional Park Area Sought
La Mauricie Agreement Signed
Forillon National Park
Indian Occupation
The Cod Fisheries
Highways and Trails
Park Activity Centres
La Mauricie National Park
Prehistoric Occupation
Planning and Development
Forest Fire Protection
The Parkway
Park Trail System
Winter Use
Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve
Chapter 5 North of Sixty
Introduction
Kluane National Park Reserve
Natural History
Flora and Fauna
Human History
Access
Nahanni National Park Reserve
Natural History
Flora and Fauna
Human History
Access
Auyuittuq National Park Reserve
Natural History
Flora and Fauna
Human History
Access
Northern Yukon National Park
Canada - COPE Agreement
Ellesmere Island National Park Reserve
Most Northerly Lands
Thermal Oases
Chapter 6 National Historic Parks and Heritage Canals
Introduction
Historic Sites and Monuments Board
The Fortress of Louisbourg
Heritage Canals
Canadian Heritage Rivers
Chronology of Significant Events
Chairmen of Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada
Map of National Parks of Canada (PDF format)
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Published by authority of QS-9056-000-EE-A1 |
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Publisher's Note
In this edition, the imperial measures in the original texts of chapters 1, 2, and 3, except those within quotations or historical passages, have been converted to metric. The following chart summarizes the metric-imperial conversions and the international metric symbols used throughout this publication.
| Metric | International symbol |
Imperial | |
| 1 kilometre | km | .6214 | miles |
| 1 metre | m | 1.094 | yards |
| 3.281 | feet | ||
| 1 centimetre | cm | .3937 | inch |
| 1 millimetre | mm | .039 | inch |
| 1 square kilometre | km2 | .386 | square mile |
| 1 hectare | ha | 2.471 | acres |
| 1 cubic metre | m3 | 1.308 | cubic yards |
| 1 litre | L | .2200 | gallons |
| 1 hectolitre | hL | 21.9969 | gallons |
| 1 tonne | t | 2000 | pounds |
| 1 kilogram | kg | 2.205 | pounds |
Photo Credits
Unless otherwise credited, all photographs in this publication are
the property of the Parks Photo Library, and the photographers are
unknown. The exceptions are as follows: page 5: Elizabeth May,
photographer; page 34 (Hot Spring): anonymous photographer, Public
Archives Canada/PA-I19439; pages 37, 53, 70 (campers), and 73: W.J.
Oliver, photographer; page 131: Jim Shearon, photographer; page 147
(Mount Logan): M. Beedell, photographer; page 147 (Kaskawulsh glacier):
P. McCloskey, photographer; page 151 (Dedication ceremony) anonymous
photographer, Public Archives Canada/PA-148551; (Casemates): anonymous
photographer, Parks Research Division; page 154 (Rideau Canal): Neil
Patterson, photographer.
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