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Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History No. 3
by David Lee Abbreviations Used in the Endnotes
Endnotes Introduction 1 W. F. Ganong, "The Origins of the East-Canadian Place-names Gaspé, Blomidon, and Bras d'Or," TRSC, 3rd ser., Vol. 22 (1928), pp. 249-58: BRH, Vol. 34, No, 7 (1934), pp. 421-4. 2 Jacques Cartier, The Voyages of Jacques Cartier, ed. Henry P. Biggar (King's Printer, Ottawa, 1924), p. 289: Justin Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of America (Houghton, Mifflin, New York, 1884), Vol. 4, pp. 74-5. 3 PAC, MG7, I, Vol. 15452, fol. 403. 4 PAC, MG6, A 2/3, C, Vol. 21, fol. 172(v)-3; also in PAC, Nouveaux documents sur Champlain at son époque, rec. et pub. par Robert Le Blant and René Baudry (Queen's Printer, Ottawa, 1967-), pp. 30-1. 5 W. F. Ganong, "Crucial Maps in the Early Cartography and Place-nomenclature of the Atlantic Coast of Canada," TRSC, 3rd ser., Vol. 31 (1937), pp. 127-30. 6 Samuel de Champlain, The Works of Samuel de Champlain, ed. Henry P. Biggar (The Champlain Society, Toronto, 1922-36), Vol. 1, p. 95. 7 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 122, fol. 327. 8 Reginald G. Trotter, "The Appalachian Barrier in Canadian History," Canadian Historical Association, Annual Report (1939), pp. 5-21. 9 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 7, fol. 95(v)-6. 10 Marcel Trudel, Initiation à la Nouvelle-France (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Montreal, 1968), pp. 127-31. English, French, Scots and Indians 1 Jacques Cartier, op. cit., pp. 64-6. 2 Gabriel Sagard-Théodat, The Long Journey to the Country of the Hurons, ed. and trans. G. M. Wrong and H. H. Langton (The Champlain Society, Toronto, 1939) p. 41. 3 W. D. and R. S. Wallis, The Micmac Indians of Eastern Canada (Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1955), pp. 25ff, 482. 4 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 46, fol. 352. 5 JR, Vol. 3, p. 263; Vol. 4, p. 27. 6 JR, Vol. 36, p. 131. 7 Quebec (Province) Archives, Collection de manuscrits ... relatifs à la Nouvelle-France (A, Coté, Quebec, 1883-85), Vol. 1, pp. 97-104; RAPQ, Vol. 41 (1963), p. 17. 8 Charles de la Morandière, Histoire de la pêche française de la morue dans l'Amérique septentrionale (Maisonneuve at Larose, Paris, 1962-66), Vol. 1, pp. 382-3; Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, ed. E. B. O'Callaghan (Weed & Parsons, Albany, 1853-87) Vol. 3, p. 752 (hereafter cited as Documents Relative to New York); Chrétien LeClercq, New Relation of Gaspesia, with the Customs and Religion of the Gaspesian Indians, ed. W. F. Ganong (The Champlain Society. Toronto, 1910), pp. 66-72. 9 Nova Scotia, Public Archives, A Calendar of Two Letter-Books and One Commission-Book in Possession of the Government of Nova Scotia, 1713-1741, ed, Archibald M. MacMachan (Herald Printing House, Halifax, 1900), Vol. 2, pp. 84-5. 10 See, for example, William Shirley [?], Memoirs of the Principal Transactions of the Last War Between the English and French in North America (R. & J. Dodsley. London, 1757), pp. 8-9; Otis Little, The State of Trade in the Northern Colonies Considered (G. Woodfall, London, 1748), pp. 79-81. 11 Chrétien LeClercq, op. cit., pp. 103-6. 12 Gustave Lanctôt, "Le dernier effort de la France au Canada," TRSC, 3rd ser., Vol. 12 (1918), pp. 41-54. 13 RAPQ, Vol. 17 (1936-37) pp. 113-5, 120. 14 PAC, Board of Historical Publications, Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-91, eds. A. Shortt and A. G. Doughty, 2d ed., rev. (King's Printer, Ottawa, 1918), Vol. 1, p. 121, 15 See P. H. Bock, "The Micmac Indians of Restigouche: History and Contemporary Description," National Museum of Canada Bulletin No. 213 (Ottawa, 1966). History and Geography in the Gaspé 1 Chrétien LeClercq, op. cit., p. 63. 2 Jacques Cartier, op. cit., p. 288. 3 Pierre Pouchot, Memoir upon the Late War in North America, between the French and English, I755-60, trans. and ed. Franklin B. Hough (W. E. Woodward, Roxbury, 1866), Vol. 2, p. 59. 4 Baron de LaHontan, New Voyages to North America, ed. R. G. Thwaites (A. C. McClurg, Chicago, 1905), pp. 305-6. 5 For the geography of Gaspé, see Marcel Tiphane. "Topographie de la région des bancs de pêche gaspésiens," Ministère de l'Industrie et du Commerce, Cahiers d'Information, No. 33 (1965); Raoul Blanchard, La Presqu'île de Gaspé (Allier, Grenoble, 1930); A. P. Coleman, "The Gaspé Peninsula," TRSC, 3rd ser., Vol. 15 (1921), pp. xxxvii-iv. 6 JR, Vol. 47. pp. 167-73. 7 Samuel de Champlain, op. cit., Vol. 1, pp. 166-9. 8 Marcel Trudel, Histoire de la Nouvelle-France (Fides, Montreal, 1963), Vol. 1, pp. 375-6: Chrétien LeClercq, op. cit., p. 315. 9 PAC, MG1, C11E, Vol. 11, fol. 103. 10 Documents Relative to New York, Vol. 9, pp. 585-6. Economic Development in the Gaspé 1 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 46, fol. 352; MG8, A10, Vol. 1, pp. 390-1; Vol. 2, pp. 31-2, 363-5, 433-6: Vol. 5, pp. 129-31. 2 Paul W. Bamford, Forests and French Sea Power, 1660-1789 (Univ. of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1956), pp. 123-8; PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 46, fol. 43; Vol. 48, fol. 60-1; MG1, F3, Vol. 2, fol. 389; MG1, C11E, Vol. 11, fol. 103. 3 PAC, MG7, I, Vol. 15452, fol. 403; Pierre Boucher, Histoire véritable et naturelle . . . de la Nouvelle-France (Société historique de Boucherville, Quebec, 1964), p. 9; PAC, MG1, C11E, Vol. 11, fols. 102-6. 4 Jean Doublet, Journal du corsaire Jean Doublet de Honfleur, lieutenant de frégata sous Louis XIV, ed. Charles Bréard (n.p., Paris, 1884), pp. 33-5; RAPQ, Vol. 11 (1930-31), pp. 20-2, 29-39, 33-4, 43, 55; Nicholas Denys, Description and Natural History of the Coasts of North America (Acadia), trans. and ed. W. F. Ganong (The Champlain Society, Toronto, 1908), p. 227. 5 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 51, fols. 357, 368; Vol. 55, fol. 241; Vol. 61, fol. 61; Vol. 63, fol. 119: New France. Laws, Statutes, etc., Edits, ordonnances royaux, déclarations et arrêts du Conseil d'Etat du roi concernant le Canada (E. R. Frechette, Quebec, 1854-56), Vol. 2, p. 347. 6 Gabriel Sagard-Théodat, op. cit., p. 40. 7 PAC, MG1, F3, Vol. 2, fol. 389. 8 PAC, MG1, Series B, Vol. 95, fol. 40. 9 Jacques Cartier, op. cit., pp. 53-6. 10 See, for example, the contract of 1599 and that of 30 December 1608, both in PAC, Nouveaux documents sur Champlain et son époque, rec. et pub. par Robert LeBlant et René Baudry (Queen's Printer, Ottawa, 1967-), pp. 30-1, 178. 11 Marcel Trudel, Histoire de la Nouvelle-France (Fides, Montreal, 1963) Vol. 2, pp. 193, 206-10, 232. 12 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 7, fol. 271. 13 Ibid., Vol. 11, fol. 104. 14 Ibid., Vol. 36, fol. 43; Vol. 121, fol. 64ff. The Gaspé Fisheries 1 Jacques Cartier, op. cit., p. 290. 2 Ibid., pp. 289-90; PAC, MG7, A2. Vol. 15452. 3 PAC, Nouveaux documents sur Champlain et son époque, rec. et pub. par Robert LeBlant et René Baudry (Queen's Printer. Ottawa, 1967-), pp. 30-1. 4 Ibid., p. 35. 5 PAC, MG1, C1 1E, Vol. 13, fol. 113. 6 Charles de la Morandiére, op. cit.. Vol. 1, p. 42. 7 Ibid., Vol. 1, p. 366. 8 Nicholas Denys, op. cit., pp. 317-8. 9 Charles de la Morandière, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 78. 10 Ibid., pp. 82-3; Nicholas Denys, op. cit., p. 272. 11 Charles de la Morandière, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 92. 12 Nicholas Denys, op. cit., pp. 272, 295-301; Charles de la Morandière, op. cit., Vol. 1, pp. 90-1; A.-J.-L. Jourdan, Recueil général des anciennes lois françaises, Ordonnance de la Marine, 1681 (Belin-Leprieur, Paris, 1829), Vol. 19, pp. 363-5; PAC, MG7, 5, Clairambault Collection. Vol. 1016, fol. 295-6; PAC, C11D, Vol 2, fol. 60. 13 PAC, MG4, I, Vol. 3674, pp. 167-86. 14 Charles de la Morandière, op. cit., Vol. 1, pp. 59-70; Gabriel Sagard-Théodat, op. cit., pp. 19-20; A.-J.-L. Jourdan, loc. cit. 15 For example, Samuel de Champlain, op. cit., Vol. 5, pp. 322-5; JR, Vol. 30, p. 181; Vol. 36. p. 131; Vol. 26, p. 139; Vol. 45, p. 159, 16 JR. Vol. 2, p. 263; Vol. 4, pp. 27-9; see also Vol. 49, p. 177. 17 PAC, MG7, Fonda Français, Vol. 22801, fol. 70; see also Charles de la Morandière, op. cit., Vol. 1, pp. 382-3. 18 PAC, MG7, Clairambault Collection. Vol. 1016. fols. 295-6; PAC, MG1, C11D, Vol. 2, fol. 60. 19 RAPQ, Vol. 12 (1931-32), pp. 8-9. 20 PAC, MG7, 5, Clairambault Collection, Vol. 1016, fols. 302-5. 21 PAC, MG1, Series B, Vol. 22, fols. 151(v)-2. 22 PAC, MG1, C11C, Vol. 8, fol. 10; Harold Innis, ed., Select Documents in Canadian Economic History, 1497-1783 (Univ. of Toronto Press. Toronto, 1929), pp. 50-1. 23 PAC, MG1, C11E, Vol. 11, fol. 103. 24 JR. Vol. 30, p. 181; Vol. 45, p. 159. 25 Charles de la Morandière, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 366; PAC, MG1, C11D, Vol. 2, fol. 8. 26 JR. Vol. 9, p. 169. 27 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 7, fols. 95(v)-6. 28 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 45, fol. 219; ibid., Vol. 49, p. 447. 29 PAC, MG1, Series B, Vol. 61, fol. 540(v); PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 61, fol. 72. 30 PAC, MG4, 1. Vol. 3674, pp. 167-86; PAC, Board of Historical Publications, Documents Relating to Canadian Currency, Exchange and Finance during the French Period, ed. Adam Shortt (King's Printer, Ottawa, 1925), Vol. 2, p. 905. 31 John S. McLennan, Louisbourg, from its Foundation to its Fall, 1713-1758 (Macmillan, London, 1918), pp. 422-3; PAC, Board of Historical Publications, loc. cit. 32 PAC, Board of Historical Publications, loc. cit. 33 PAC, MG7, 5, Clairambault Collection, Vol. 1016, fols. 302-5. 34 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 7, fols. 95(v)-6. 35 RAPQ, Vol. 3 (1922-23), p. 7. 36 PAC, MG1, Series B, Vol. 1, fol. 120. 37 RAPQ, Vol. 8 (1927-28), p. 147. 38 Quebec (Province) Archives, Inventaire des concessions en fief et seigneurie fois et hommages et aveux et dénombrements . . . (L'Eclaireur, Beauceville, 1927-29), Vol. 4, pp. 193-5. 39 Ibid., pp. 127-30. 40 New France. Laws, Statutes, etc., op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 8. 41 A.-J.-L. Jourdan, loc. cit. 42 PAC, MG1, C11D, Vol. 2, fol. 43. 43 Joseph Camille Pouliot, Glanures historiques et légales autour de l'ordonnance de la Marine de 1681 (Dussault et Proulx, Quebec. 1925), p. 24. 44 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 47, fols. 273, 294. 45 New France. Laws, Statutes. etc., op. cit., Vol. 3, pp. 223-4. 46 Charles de la Morandière, op. cit.. Vol. 2, pp. 601-3; PAC, MG1, Series B, Vol. 74, fol. 17; Vol. 76, fol. 35; New France. Laws, Statutes, etc., op. cit., Vol. 3, pp. 402, 404. 47 Samuel de Champlain. op. cit., Vol. 6, pp. 26-9. 48 RAPQ, Vol. 7 (1926-27), p. 78. 49 See Harold Innis, The Cod Fisheries; the History of an International Economy, rev. ed. (Univ. of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1954), Ch. 6. 50 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 14, fol. 100; Vol. 15, fol. 107; Documents Relative to New York, Vol. 9, p. 740. 51 Documents Relative to New York, Vol. 6, p. 790. 52 RAPQ, Vol. 5 (1924-25), pp. 226-7; PAC, MG4, I, Vol. 3674, pp. 167-86: PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 96, fol. 298. Matane 1 Samuel de Champlain, op. cit., Vol. 5, pp. 170-3. 2 Marcel Trudel, Histoire de la Nouvelle-France (Fides, Montreal, 1963), Vol. 2, pp. 193, 206-7, 209-10, 232; Robert Le Blant and M. Delafosse, "Les Rochelais dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent," RHAF, Vol. 10, No. 1, (1956-57), pp. 348-53; PAC, Nouveaux documents, pp. 307-9. 3 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol.7, fol. 271. 4 JR, Vol. 32, pp. 259-81. Mont-Louis 1 For Riverin's life, see Pierre-Georges Roy, "Notes sur Denis Riverin," BRH, Vol. 34. No. 2 (1928), pp. 70-6; No. 3, pp. 129-39. 2 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 9, fol. 3; Quebec (Province) Archives, Collection de manuscrits . . . relatifs à la Nouvelle-France (Côte, Quebec, 1883-85), Vol. 1, pp. 371-2. 3 Pierre-Georges Roy, op. cit., pp. 70-5; Pierre F. X. de Charlevoix, History and General Description of New France, trans. John G. Shea (J. G. Shea, New York, 1866-72), Vol. 4, pp. 17-8. 4 Pierre-Georges Roy. op. cit., p. 75; Quebec (Province) Archives, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 453; RAPQ, Vol. 8 (1927-28), pp. 147, 177; PAC, MG1, C11A, 12 (2), fols. 349-349(v). 5 Documents Relative to New York, Vol. 9, pp. 585-6. 6 Pierre F. X. de Charlevoix, op. cit., Vol. 5, pp. 74-5, 112-3: PAC, MG1, C11E, Vol. 11, fols. 102-6; censuses of 1699, 1700, 1706, 1707, 1712 in PAC, MG1, G1, Vol. 20: PAC, MG1, Series B, Vol. 20, fol. 85(v); Vol. 22, fol. 224; Vol. 23, fol. 95(v)-6; Vol. 23, fols. 96(v)-7; Vol. 27, fol. 27(v) and 110(v). 7 PAC, MG1, C11E, Vol. 11, fols. 102-6. 8 Censuses of 1699, 1700, 1706, 1707, 1712 in PAC, MG1, G1, Vol. 20; PAC, MG8, A10, Vol. 2, pp. 433-6. 9 PAC, MG23, A2, Monckton Memoir, pp. 43-5; RAPQ, Vol. 1, (1920-21), p. 30; PAC, MG1, F3, Vol. 15, fol. 215; PAC, MG11, CO42, Vol. 1, Pt. 1, p. 2; John S. McLennan, op. cit., pp. 420-3. Gaspé Bay 1 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 14, fol. 100; Vol. 15, fol. 107. 2 Documents Relative to New York, Vol. 10, p. 6. 3 Ibid., Vol. 10, pp. 6, 15, 42, 49, 90, 104, 159, 175. 4 ibid., Vol. 10, p. 6. 5 François Gaston, duc de Lévis, Collection des manuscrits du maréchal de Lévis, ed. H. R. Casgrain (L. J. Demers, Quebec, 1889-95), Vol. 7, pp. 468-9. 6 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 99. fols. 313-5. 7 PAC, MG4, A1, Vol. 3404, pièce 155; PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 102, fols. 17, 51; Mémoires de Bougainvilla, RAPQ, Vol. 3 (1923-24), pp. 21-2. 8 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 102, fol. 51. 9 Ibid. 10 Pierre-Georges Roy, "Le faux-saunier, Pierre Revol," BRH, Vol. 50, Nos. 7, 8 (1944); PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 102, fol. 17; see also PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 91, fol. 264; Vol. 93, fol. 49; PAC, MG1, Series B, Vol. 107, fol. 7; PAC, MG1, C11A. 11 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 99, fols. 313-5. 12 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 102, fol. 51. 13 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 99, fols. 313-5; John S. McLennan, op. cit., pp. 420-1. 14 PAC, MG6, C2, pièces 1-9, liasse 7. 15 Bona Arsenault, Histoire et généalogie des Acadiens (Le Conseil de la vie française en Amérique, Quebec, 1965), Vol. 1, p. 203. 16 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 102, fol. 51. 17 John S. McLennan, op. cit., pp. 420-3. 18 Ibid. Percé 1 Jacques Cartier, op. cit., p. 58. 2 Samuel de Champlain, op. cit., Vol. 1, pp. 166-9. 3 Nicholas Denys, op. cit., p. 222. 4 PAC, MG7, 5, Clairambault Collection, Vol. 1016, fols, 314-5; PAC, MG1, C11D, Vol. 2, fol. 43; Baron de LaHontan, op. cit., pp. 305-6; Nicholas Denys, op. cit., pp. 221-6; Joseph E. Tyrrell, ed., Documents Relating to the Early History of Hudson Bay (The Champlain Society, Toronto, 1931), pp. 279-80; Thomas Jefferys, The Natural and Civil History of the French Dominions in North and South America (T. Jefferys, London, 1760), p. 3. 5 Nicholas Denys, op. cit., pp. 347-8. 6 PAC, MG1, C11D, Vol. 1, fols. 93, 121. 7 BRH, Vol. 32, No. 12 (1926), pp. 760-1; RAPQ, Vol. 7 (1926-27), p. 13; PAC, MG7, 5, Clairambault Collection, Vol. 1016, fols. 297-8. 8 RAPQ, Vol. 7 (1926-27), p. 31; PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 3, fols. 169-169(v). 9 PAC, MG7, 5, Clairambault Collection, Vol. 1016, fols. 321-2. 10 Ibid., fols. 302-5, 318-9; RAPQ, Vol. 7 (1926-27), pp. 106-7. 11 PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 8, fol. 216; PAC, MG1, Series B, Vol. 13, fol. 37(v). 12 RAPQ, Vol. 8 (1927-28), pp. 18, 25. 13 See Ch. "English. French, Scots and Indians." 14 BRH, Vol. 32, No. 9 (1926), pp. 568-9; PAC, MG1, C11A, Vol. 16, fols. 2, 50; Documents Relative to New York, Vol. 9, p. 939; PAC, MG1, C11E, Vol. 11, fol. 103: Charles de la Morandière, op. cit., Vol. 2, p. 701. 15 PAC, MG7, 5, Clairambault Collection, Vol. 1016, fols. 321-2, 331-2, 333; Bona Arsenault, op. cit., Vol. 1, pp. 231-2; BRH, Vol. 38, No, 12 (1932), p. 733. 16 Chrétien LeClercq, op. cit., p. 412: Nicholas Denys, op. cit., pp. 444-7; Jean Baptiste de la Croix Saint-Vallier, "Aux habitants de l'île Percée: lettre circulaire de mgr Saint-Vallier, évêque de Québec en 1686." RHG, Vol. 2, No. 4 (1964), pp. 215-8. 17 PAC, MG7, 5, Clairambault Collection, Vol. 1016, fols. 295-6. 18 Quebec (Archdiocese). Mandements, lettres pastorales et circulaires des évêques de Québec, pub. par H. Têtu et C. O. Gagnon (Côté, Quebec. 1887-88), Vol. 1, p. 174. 19 Jean Baptiste de la Croix Saint-Vallier, op. cit.; Nicholas Denys, op. cit., p. 317. 20 A.-J.-L. Jourdan, op. cit., Vol. 19, pp. 363-5. 21 PAC, MG1, C11D, Vol. 2, fol. 43, 22 PAC, MG7, 5, Clairambault Collection, Vol. 1016, fols. 329-30, 333. 23 New France, Conseil supérieur de Québec, Jugements et délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Nouvelle-France (1663 à 1716) (Côté, Quebec, 1885-91), Vol. 1, pp. 773-5. 24 RAPQ, Vol. 33 (1952-53), p. 467. 25 RAPQ, Vol. 7 (1926-27), p. 47. 26 Quebec (Archdiocese), op. cit., Vol. 1, pp. 174ff. Pabos, Grand-Rivière 1 Charles de la Morandière, op. cit., Vol. 2, p. 602. 2 John S. McLennan, op. cit., pp. 420-1. 3 Quebec (Province) Archives, Inventaire des concessions en fief et seigneurie fois et hommage et aveux et dénombrements . . . (L'Eclaireur, Beauceville, 1927-29), Vol. 1, pp. 127-30. 4 John S. McLennan, op. cit., pp. 420-3. 5 PAC, MG9, B8, Vol. 1. 6 Jacques Henripin, La population canadienne au début du XVIIIe siècle; nuptialité, fécondité, mortalité infantile (Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1954), p. 106. 7 Cyprien Tanguay, Dictionnaire généalogique des familles canadiennes depuis la fondation de la colonie jusqu' à nos jours (E. Senacal, Montreal, 1871-90), Vols. 1-7. 8 Charles de la Morandi&egrabe;re, op. cit., Vol. 2, p. 602; Quebec (Province) Archives, op. cit., Vol. 4, pp. 127-30; Quebec (Province) Archives, Ordonnances des Intendants, Vol. 36. Commission of 22 May 1749. 9 John S. McLennan, op. cit., pp. 420-3. 10 New France, Inventaire des ordonnances des intendants de la Nouvelle-France . . . (L'Eclaireur, Beauceville, 1919), Vol. 2, p. 227. 11 Ibid., p. 292. 12 For example, ibid., pp. 299-300; Vol. 3, pp. 87, 182. 13 PAC, MG9, B8, Vol. 1, 13 July 1753 (parish register, Pabos). 14 Documents Relative to New York, Vol. 10, pp. 104, 116-7. 15 Jean de Maupassant. Les deux expéditions de Pierre Desclaux au Canada (1759 et 1760) (Feret, Bordeaux. 1915), pp. 31-2. 16 New France, op. cit., Vol. 3, p. 87. Conclusions 1 PAC, MG1, C11C, Vol. 1, fol. 137(v), 2 Charles de la Morandière, op cit., Vol. 2, pp. 677-82; PAC, Board of Historical Publications, Documents Relating to Currency, Exchange and Finance in Nova Scotia with Prefatory Documents, 1675-1758 (King's Printer, Ottawa, 1933), pp. 230-2. 3 See, for example, PAC, MG1, C11E, Vol. 11, fol. 103; Nicholas Denys, op. cit., pp. 215-28. 4 PAC, MG1, F2B, Vol. 11.
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