Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History No. 22

Spode/Copeland Transfer-Printed Patterns Found at 20 Hudson's Bay Company Sites

by Lynne Sussman

The Catalogue

54 Athenian (ca. 1837—?). Earliest pattern number is B689. Only one excavated example has been found to date and although the mark on this fragmentary object is not known, the fabric and style of printing are characteristic of the Copeland and Garrett period. (Illustration from factory pattern book.)

55 Bedford (ca. 1855—post-1865). Earliest pattern number is D340. It also has a later D number, 3999.

56 Beverley (ca. 1832—20th century). Earliest pattern number is 5136. Excavated examples were made by Copeland and Garrett, and W.T. Copeland. Marks on the copper plate include a Copeland and Garrett mark and a 20th-century mark.

57 Blue Rose (ca. 1825—post-1833). Earliest pattern number is 4162. Excavated examples were made by Copeland and Garrett. A late Spode mark (Whiter 1970: 226) is on the copper plate. In spite of its name, it was manufactured in colours other than blue.

58—59 Botanical (ca. 1828—post-1836). Earliest pattern numbers are 4565 and 6146. A slight variation was recorded later as B522. Many more floral centres were made than are illustrated here.

58 Botanical (from factory pattern book).

59 Botanical (from factory pattern book).

60 Bramble (post-1847—?). The centre is used with a different border to create Ivy. Ivy has been found only with W.T. Copeland marks.

61—62 British Flowers (ca. 1829—1974). Earliest pattern number is 4749. Excavated examples were made by Copeland and Garrett, and W.T. Copeland. Twentieth-century versions are Mayflower, Bouquet, Marina and Royal Jasmine as well as British Flowers. Many more floral centres were made than are illustrated here.

61 British Flowers.

62 British Flowers centres. The two small centre drawings show the remains of a chamberpot handle. (Drawing by I. Cameron.)

63 Broseley (ca. 1818—post-1847). Earliest pattern number is 2896 (Whiter 1970:150). Excavated examples were made by Spode, Copeland and Garrett, and W.T. Copeland. This popular pattern was also made by other manufacturers throughout the 19th century. Broseley is very similar to another Spode pattern, Temple.

64 B700 (ca. 1838—post-1847). No pattern name. "B700" refers to the earliest pattern number. All excavated examples were made by W.T. Copeland. A Copeland and Garrett mark occurs on the copper plate.

65—66 B772 (ca. 1839—post-1882). No pattern name. "B772" refers to the earliest pattern number. A Copeland and Garrett mark occurs on one of the copper plates. All excavated examples were made by W.T. Copeland. It seems to have been known by its number; a W.T. Copeland saucer from Last Mountain House, Saskatchewan, is marked "B.772" and the pattern appears with the title "B772" in the W.T. Copeland and Sons' 1882 catalogue.

65 B772.

66 B772.

67 B773 (ca. 1839—post-1847). No pattern name. "B773" refers to the earliest pattern number. It has been found on objects made by Copeland and Garrett, and W.T. Copeland.

68 Byron Groups (post-1833—?). Introduced between 1833 and 1847 during the Copeland and Garrett period. All excavated examples were made by Copeland and Garrett. It has the same border as Byron Views and the same centres as Warwick Groups.

69—84 Byron Views (ca. 1833-68). The name refers to a series of views engraved by Edward and William Finden and published by John Murray in Finden's Landscape and Portrait Illustrations to the Life and Works of Lord Byron. The first volume appeared in 1832 and two more volumes were brought out in the following years. Each view is given title (Venice, Mount Olympus, etc.), but the correct name is not invariably printed on the back of an object so identification of a scene based on the mark alone is not advisable. The pattern was introduced during the Copeland and Garrett period. In a factory pattern book a note referring to this pattern states "The pattern and plates... are destroyed commencing August 1868" (Copeland 1976b: 1296). Excavated examples were made by Copeland and Garrett, and W.T. Copeland.

69 Byron Views: Etna (from factory pattern book). The unidentified scene below is not part of the pattern.

70 Byron Views: Franciscan Convent, Athens (from factory pattern book).

71 Byron Views: Bologna (from factory pattern book). The unidentified designs below are not part of the pattern.

72 Byron Views: Cintra (from factory pattern book).

73 Byron Views: Thun (from factory pattern book).

74 Byron Views: Bay of Naples (from factory pattern book). The designs on the right are not part of the pattern.

75 Byron Views: top, Bellagio, Lago di Como; bottom, Lausanne (from factory pattern book).

76 Byron Views: small round-bordered scene, unidentified; rectangular-bordered scene, Yanina (from factory pattern book). Below and slightly to the right of the rectangular-bordered scene is a small scene with no border; this too is a scene of Yanina. The designs in the upper right and bottom left are not part of the pattern.

77 Byron Views: Venice (from factory pattern book).

78 Byron Views: top left, Lachin y Gair; top right, Rhodes; bottom left, The Simplon (from factory pattern book). The Greek key is not part of the pattern.

79 Byron Views: top, Tivoli; bottom, Patras (from factory pattern book). The Greek designs are not part of the pattern.

80 Byron Views: The Tomb of Cecilia, Metella (from factory pattern book). The Greek design is not part of the pattern.

81 Byron Views: top, Mount Olympus; bottom left, Bay of Salamis; bottom right, Socrate (from factory pattern book). The Greek designs in the upper right are not part of the pattern.

82 Byron Views. The scene on the vegetable dish at the top is The Tiber. The scenes on the soup plate (left) and the dinner plate are Interlachen and Bologna.

83 Byron Views: unidentified scene on a large round platter. (Photo by P. van der Ham.)

84 Representative pieces from a large Byron Views dinner service. When patterns are composed of a series of views or floral centres, it is customary for each different shape in a service to bear a different central design.

85 Camilla (ca. 1833—present) Earliest pattern number is 5419. Excavated examples were made by Copeland and Garrett, and W.T. Copeland. It is still being manufactured by Spode Limited under this name.

86 Castle (pre-1833—?). Excavated examples were made by Spode.

87 Ceylon (ca.1846—post-1869). Earliest pattern number is 8492. Later it was given D number 6360. (Illustration from factory pattern book). The pattern on the right-hand page is Rose Wreath.

88 Chinese Flowers (ca. 1815—post-1847). Earliest pattern number is 2486. Excavated examples were made by Copeland and Garrett, and W.T. Copeland.

89—94 Chinese Gardens (ca. 1834—pre-1879). Earliest pattern number is B408. Copeland and Garrett marks occur on the copper plates. A note "Engravings destroyed" occurs in a factory pattern book compiled between 1868 and 1879. The dark splotches on several of the engravings result from irregularities on the reverse sides of the copper plates.

89 Chinese Gardens.

90 Chinese Gardens.

91 Chinese Gardens. Part of this engraving has been obliterated.

92 Chinese Gardens.

93 Chinese Gardens.

94 Chinese Gardens.

95 Chinese Plants (ca. 1932—present) Earliest pattern number is 5135. Excavated examples were made by Copeland and Garrett. A 20th-century mark occurs on the copper plate with the pattern's later name, "Aster."